摘要:

A multi‐stage social dilemma was used to explore the notion that focusing on part rather than all of a complex problem would affect self‐efficacy and action. In two experiments subjects considered a multi‐stage game asking them to invest an initial sum of money in hopes of earning a larger bonus to be paid if provision points were met at all stages (a “stage‐conjunctive” task). Results indicated that under most conditions considered, presentation of the whole problem encouraged cooperation. The opposite pattern occurred when group members were asked to complete very demanding stages first. We suggest that these results depend strongly on the stage‐conjunctive natur

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Researchers have increasingly advocated social and developmental psychology perspectives to studying Type A behavior to increase understanding of how it emerges and of how Type A individuals’ entry into different naturalistic social situations may exacerbate their stress reactions. As an initial step in these directions, we tested structural equation models relating components of Type A behavior in adolescents to childhood and adolescent socially problematic behaviors. Results from two high‐school district cohorts (Ns = approximately 300 and 700) showed that impatience, hostility, and leadership all were related to childhood problems, but that only impatience predicted an adolescent problem (conflict with frien

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examined whether the factors influencing a woman's intention to get a mammogram differ between women who have had mammograms in the past (prior screenees) and those who have not (nonscreenees). Responses to a survey were used to predict mammography intentions separately for two groups of women: those with no previous mammograms and those with one. Among the prior nonscreenees, the variables we examined accounted for nearly half the variance in intentions; among the prior screenees, only one‐sixth of the variance was accounted for. This suggests that interventions that succeed in increasing mammography utilization among prior nonscreenees may not necessarily be successful among prior screenee

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A great deal of research examines sources of power in organizations, but relatively little research examines its consequences. This paper investigates the effects of employees’ perceived power on the likelihood that they will leave the organization. A competitive test between a power based approach to modeling turnover and a more traditional job satisfaction based model supports the utility of the power based model. In each of two studies, high power subjects were significantly less likely to leave a simulated job than were low power subjects, and high opportunity subjects were significantly more likely to leave than were low opportunity subjects. Each of these effects was significant even after controlling for the effect of job satisfaction. Implications and possible extensions of these results are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Speeding tickets for a 22 month period in a suburban area were examined to determine the possible relationships among the percentage of speed over the speed limit, the age and color of the car, and the age and gender of the driver. The frequencies of speeding tickets by car color were also compared with the frequencies of cars on the road by colors. The percentage of speed over the limit was not related to the characteristics of the cars or the drivers. It was found, however, that red, grey, and brown cars were more likely to receive speeding tickets than cars of other colors. A previous conclusion that bright colored cars give the impression of speed, which results in a higher estimation of actual velocity, was not supported by the present study.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1993.tb01005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY