摘要:

A study was conducted concerning racial attitudes of a group of white, Roman Catholic residents of a large midwestern city interviewed before and after they heard two sermons opposing raeial injustice and segregation. There was no significant relationship between presermon and postsermon change in a parishioner's attitude toward racial integration and the prointegration intensity of the sermons he heard. However, variation in the prointegration intensity of sermons delivered in a parish was closely related to the socioeconomic status of the parishioners, suggesting that the priests’perception of parish norms may have influenced the contents of the sermons.The needs or functions that segregationist attitudes may serve were considered. The 3 strongest of 14 correlates of segregationist attitudes investigated in this study were (a) belief that racial integration leads to neighborhood deterioration, (b) authoritarian aggression, and (c) perception of neighbors’attitudes toward integration. These three correlates appear to reflect object appraisal needs, externalization of inner conflict needs, and social adjustment needs, respectiv

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study provided support for Worthy and Markle's thesis that whites excel at self‐paced and blacks at reactive sports activities, by assessing the performance of 55 white and 122 black fourth‐grade boys playing a modified soccer game. The research also explored the relationships between several dimensions of socialization (e.g., father presence‐absence) and relative performance on the self‐paced‐reactive dimension. Two significant correlations emerged: Regardless of their own racial identity, boys who excelled at the self‐paced activity tended to have several younger siblings and to attend schools with a sizeable representation of white students. Subsequent interviews revealed that black and white boys did not differ in their preference for self‐paced and reactive spor

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effectiveness of matching the conceptual structure of participants in educational training and psychotherapy experiences has been demonstrated in previous research. This paper describes an attempt to test the effectiveness of this model in a school desegregation workshop designed to promote a mandatory bussing proposal by a local school board. Differentiation matching had little effect on participants' global judgments of satisfaction with workshop goals but was significantly and inversely related to the decision to voluntarily bus a child, especially among blacks. Abstractness of topics discussed affected participant endorsement of workshop goals but did not affect bussing decision. The findings suggest that how such workshops are organized is dependent on whether the workshop success is to be evaluated on the basis of community public relations or actual decisions to bus children.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The degree and basis of social power of uniformed figures was investigated in two field experiments. In the first experiment, subjects were stopped in the street by an experimenter dressed in one of three ways: a civilian, a milkman, or a guard. They were asked to pick up a paper bag, or to give a dime to a stranger, or to move away from a bus stop. The results indicated that the subjects complied more with the guard than with the civilian or milkman. In the second field experiment, designed to examine the basis of the guard's power, subjects were asked to give a dime to a stranger under conditions of either surveillance or nonsurveillance. The guard's power was not affected by the surveillance manipulation. A logical analysis of social power indicated that the guard's power was most likely based on legitimacy. Two questionnaire studies indicated, however, that college students did not perceive the guard as having either more. power or more legitimacy than the milkman or civilian. The nature and importance of understanding legitimacy was discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four experiments investigated the dependence of persuasion on cognitive factors. All experiments employed a court case for which 795 subjects acted as jury members, reading summaries of both the prosecution and defense's testimony. The amount of objective information on both sides of the case was varied. Persuasion was a position function of the number of prosecution arguments and the number of defense arguments. This finding was extended by obtaining measures of the subjects’cognitive reactions to the case as well as their opinions and by following both of these measures over time. Both analysis of variance and multiple regression techniques showed that subjects could have derived their opinions from their cognitions about the case. This relationship also held up over time. These results suggest the general form of an information‐processing theory of persuasion. One prediction of this theory is for an asymptotic function relating objective information to persuasion. This prediction received empirical supp

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1974.tb02600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY