ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two studies are reported which indicate that both sex‐biased wording in job advertisements and the placement of help‐wanted ads in sex‐segregated newspaper columns discourage men and women from applying for “opposite‐sex” jobs for which they might well be qualified. Both studies were originally conducted and presented as part of legal testimony in actual sex discrimin

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports the application of basic social psychological data to the problem of jury selection procedures in a murder trial. Professional testimony in pretrial proceedings was addressed to potential juror bias arising from the fact that the defendant was (a) black, (b) poor, (c) a Black Panther, and (d) on trial for murder. Some observations regarding the impact of the testimony are made and some future research avenues are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A series of three studies has investigated the effects of sensory deprivation on persuasibility. Cigarette smoking was used as the target of the persuasive messages. The technique appears to have a degree of success in bringing about smoking cessation or reduction for several months after a 24‐hr. sensory deprivation session. Implications for attitude experimentation and for the application of research findings are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this article is to investigate whether group‐induced attitudinal shifts in decisionmaking take place outside the experimental laboratory and whether choice shift theory can be applied to the understanding of political behavior of actors engaged in socially relevant decisionmaking. A random sample of civil liberties decisions in Federal District Courts for the years 1963–1968 were examined. The hypothesis that there are systematic differences between single‐judge and collegial court decisions was confirmed. Parties claiming a violation of constitutional rights increase the probability of successfully convincing a district judge when they are able to have their litigation heard by a three‐judge court. The finding that judges are more likely to shift to a libertarian position when moving from the individual to the collegial decisionmaking condition holds when the data are examined in aggregate form as well as when the behavior of individual judges is studied under both decisionmaking s

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A telephone company project to redesign the job of directory assistance operator was: studied in order to determine the effects on workers of “job enrichment” programs. The change increased the amount of variety and the decisionmaking autonomy in the operator's job. However, no change in work motivation, job involvement, or growth need satisfaction occurred as a result of the changes; instead, the changes had a significantnegativeimpact on interpersonal relationships. After the changes, the older employees reported less satisfaction with the quality of their interpersonal relationships, and those supervisors whose jobs were affected by the changes reported less job security and reduced interpersonal satisfaction. Implications of these findings for the theory of job redesign proposed by Hackman and Lawler (1971) are discus

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Previous research on physical proximity as an index of attraction based on attitude similarity has been limited to semifixed feature spaces. The present study tested the similarity‐proximity relationship in a dynamic space. Female subjects' attraction to a female confederate was manipulated by means of false attitude information. The subjects then briefly interacted with the confederate in a dynamic space. Subjects' spatial behaviors were not directly related to attitude similarity‐dissimilarity or to attraction. The implications of these findings for the generality of the similarity‐proximity relationship and for research on nonverbal communication are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present study examined the role of differentiation matching and level of differentiation in student‐teacher relationships. Subjects were residents, mental health specialists, and medical students enrolled in psychiatry courses and in five core curriculum courses, and the respective faculty professors. All subjects completed measures of differentiation at the beginning of the course and students rated the teaching effectiveness of the faculty at the end. Judged teaching “effectiveness” was associated with a high level of interpersonal differentiation on the part of the teacher. Differentiation matching of teachers and student was related to high effectiveness ratings when the student was more differentiated than the teacher under conditions of frequent teacher exposure and famili

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of information relevance and information availability on perceptual differences between Chinese and American nationals was investigated. Subjects participated in pairs as decision makers in a complex experimental environment. Participants' perceptions of success, failure, and competence levels for their own team (under conditions where judgments could be based on varying levels of relevant information) and for a supposed opposing team (under conditions where perceptions had to be inferred in the absence of information) were obtained. It was found that Americans and Chinese did not differ in ratings of their own team. Chinese, as opposed to Americans, perceived the opposing team as having more success, less failure, and more competence. The perceptual errors of the French and Viet Minh which led t o the defeat of the French at Dien Bien Phu were replicated in the laboratory for Americans and Chinese. Areas in which such potential cultural (oriental versus occidental) differences might be important are mentioned.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of the experiment was to test the hypothesis that having been both the object of prejudiceanddiscrimination and the discriminator, a child will be less likely to hold prejudiced beliefs and exhibit discriminatory behavior toward a minority group. A 3rd‐grade class was randomly divided into Orange and Green people. On Day I, Orange children were “superior” and Green children were “inferior”. On Day II, statuses were rcvcrsed. On Day III and again 2 weeks later, the experimental class was significantly more likely to desire a picnic with a group of Black children and held less‐prejudiced beliefs when compared to the Control. The manipulation did not affect performance on Da

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1973.tb01298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY