摘要:

In this paper, the predictive power of status‐based and socialization‐based explanations of the differential rewards accruing to men and women in the corporate world are compared. Ninety‐five experienced managers were asked to evaluate persuasive dialogues between two individuals in a corporate setting. Sex of the actor, sex of the other, and the influence technique used by the actor all affected the personality traits attributed to the influential actor. Our respondents perceived influential males as significantly more powerful, higher in corporate position, and warmer than identically described females. Implications of these and other findings for both male and female managers are disc

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00844.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An assumption underlying the common practice of permitting a juror to serve on more than one jury is that jurors can and will reach multiple verdicts independently. Two studies were carried out to examine this assumption. The first experiment had mock jurors consider several cases in succession. Subjects exhibited a clear contrast effect on the strength of evidence; those subjects who initially saw strong prosecution cases were less likely to convict in a moderate test case than those who had initially seen wcak prosecution cases. In the second study, the contrast hypothesis was tested for actual juries' verdicts through archival analyses. The results of this field study paralleled those obtained in the experimental study. The discussion focused upon alternative theoretical explanations for these results, implications for trial practice, and the strengths and weak‐nesses of the methodologies applied in these studie

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00845.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Effects of three levels of photographic evidence (color, black&white, no photograph) on 144 female subjects' monetary awards to an injured plaintiff were investigated in a 3 × 2 × 3 factorial design. Also manipulated were two levels of the severity of the plaintiff's injury and three levels of defendant blame. As predicted, a significant three‐way interaction was observed such that the magnitude of the difference in monetary damages awarded the more and less severely injured plaintiff was greatest in the presence of the color photograph depicting injuries and when defendant blame was high. An emotional arousal interpretation for the effects of photographic evidence is tentatively offe

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00846.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Staged crime has generally been considered a valid paradigm for assessing eyewitness identification accuracy. Yet the typical procedure informs the witness before the lineup task that the event was staged. The current study manipulated whether or not witnesses were informed that the witnessed crime was staged (information variable). Two other variables, the presence or absence of the perpetrator in the photo‐lineup and the physical similarity of lineup members, were manipulated to asses any possible interactions with the information variable. A theft was staged individually for 184 unsuspecting witnesses who were then randomly assigned to be either informed that the theft was staged or not informed. Next, all witnesses were met by a uniformed security officer who showed them a photo‐lineup of six individuals. Half of the witnesses viewed a perpetrator‐present lineup with either high or low physical similarity between the foils and the perpatrator and half viewed a perpetrator‐absent lineup with either high or low physical similarity. Three confidence measures, one cooperation measure, and an Embedded Figures Test score were obtained. The results showed that (a) the information variable did not affect the likelihood that a witness would attempt an identification; (b) the information variable did not have a main effect on the particular choices made by the witnesses nor did it interact with lineup similarity, but it did interact with the presence‐absence variable; and (c) the information variable did not affect witness confidence either as a main effect or interaction effect, but, was relatively consistent in affecting the correlation between confidence and accuracy such that the correlation was lower for witnesses who were not informed. The interaction between the information variable and the presence‐absence variable on accuracy was due to the uninformed witnesses being less accurate than the informcd witnesses in the perpetrator‐present condition. The results suggest that accuracy among actual eyewitnesses may be lower than obtained in the typical staged crime procedure and that accuracy‐confidence correlations may be overestimated by the typic

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00847.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a pame‐simulation context, tax evasion behavior of 13 subjects was observed. The probability that tax evasion will be detected and fined appears to be a more effective deterrent than the size of such fines, although both the magnitude of finm and their probability affect tax evasion. Vague information about the probability that fines will be imposed enhances the deterrent power of low probability audits and small fine

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00848.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present research applied an exchange analysis to the confrontation between California renters and landlords after the passage of a property tax initiative (Proposition 13). The inability of renters to leave the exchange intensified perceived inequities. As a result, both parties sought solutions to perceived inequities by changing the existing relationship. As predicted, renters and landlords disagreed on the relative importance of exchange inputs and the actions needed to restore equity to their relationship. Relationships examined were consistent with a psychological contract in which renters were blocked from leaving. This interpretation suggests that changes in the intrinsic nature of the psychological contract may be needed to avoid future conflict.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00849.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The sufficiency of fishbein's attitude model was tested with respect to behavioral intentions to conserve water. Regression analysis showed subjective norms (SN) to be the variable most highly correlated with intentions. It was also found that, contrary to the model, SN and evaluative attitudes (Aact) did not adequately mediate all the variation in intentions accounted for by the variables included in this analysis. Age was found to be an important external variable in explaining water conservation intentions, The equations of the models which predict SN and Aact were also analvzed. Analysis of regressions for dichotomized groups revealed strong individual differences in regression equations. Age, along with SN and Aact, was found to be an important variable in accounting for individual differences. The findings are discussed in relation to the sufficiency of Fishbein's model and the role of individual differences in Understanding water conservation intentions.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1982.tb00850.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY