摘要:

Two field studies were conducted to assess the effect of signs describing how to report a shoplifting on bystander intervention to a staged theft. In the first study, signs providing directions and one of three rationales for reporting had a small effect on attitudes toward reporting and no effect on intervention. In the second study, a definition of the situation as a shoplifting by a confederate had a strong influence on subjects reporting, but presence or absence of signs describing how to report had no impact. Differences between interpersonal and nonpersonal influences are described, and implications for informational campaigns to increase crime reporting are discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02413.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Differences in the personal nature of police officers as well as differences among the situational constraints due to assignments are considered in an examination of the occurrences of police involvement in shooting incidents. The Poisson and negative binomial models used in accident research are considered for representing the occurrence of shooting incidents. Data were gathered from incidents in a large metropolitan police department over a 34‐month period and used to test the two models. Various analyses indicate a good Poisson fit. Implications of the data are discusse

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02414.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Shooting incidents involving patrol officers are examined for the effect of suspect race and degree of hazard in the number of shots fired and hits made on suspects. Additional tests examine frequencies of shooting incidents among Blacks and Whites with respect to city population and various measures of police‐citizen contact. Finally, fatalities are examined with respect to involvement in shooting and arrest rates. The results suggest an effect for degree of hazard; however, there was no evidence to suggest police bias against Black

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02415.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ruling on the constitutionality of less than unanimous juries, the majority and dissenting Justices of the Supreme Court offered differing theories of social influence processes in jury deliberations. Some areas of disagreement involved verdict distribution, majority‐minority interactions, and community confidence as a function of unanimity vs. non‐unanimity requirements. The present series of three studies concentrated on these issues. In the first two studies, groups that were split 4:2 in initial vote deliberated a case involving first degree murder. In the third study, individuals served as jurors in each of seven mock trials (both civil and criminal). Half of these groups were required to deliberate to unanimity, the other half being required to deliberate to 2/3 majority. Results indicated that verdicts were not appreciably altered as a result of unanimity vs. non‐unanimity requirements. However, unanimity groups were more likely to reach full consensus; their deliberations were characterized by more “conflict”; more opinions were changed as a result of the deliberation process; they reported more confidence in the verdict and tended to feel that justice had been administered. The findings tend to corroborate the influence theories of the dissenting

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02416.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Groups of six subjects participated in a study to investigate the effect of obligation upon attraction. Each subject received offers of monetary aid from other members of the group. Amount of aid offered was varied along with the obligation attached to the aid. The effect of the offer upon the recipient's attraction to the donor was assessed. Both attraction and desire for coalition were greatest when the offer of aid was high and the obligation to return the benefits received was low.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02417.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Responses to crowding were examined in two student dormitories (Dorm A and Dorm B). Dorm B had more rooms per floor, smaller sized rooms, and a general layout which seemed conducive to a higher level of social stimulation. Students living in Dorm B reported being less involved with their roommates, being in a worse mmod, and experiencing more crowding. The role of crowding in mediating the relationship between type of dormitory as an independent variable and mood and interpersonal relationship as dependent variables was discussed.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02418.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This investigation was a prospective study based upon subjective expected utility theory, of the processes and determinants of birth planning decisions. The hypothesis tested was: Where maximum expected benefit will derive from having a (another) child, a pregnancy will occur and where maximum expected benefit will derive from not having a (another) child a pregnancy will not occur. Values associated with birth planning decisions for 74 married couples were found to be good predictors, one year later, of pregnancy status. The implications of these results were discussed as they related to birth planning counseling and to population policy.

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02419.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Forty‐two male and 42 female subjects selected from a large city, a small town, or a university campus were asked to evaluate four pen and ink sketches and four quotations. Two sketches and two quotations were associated with fictitious women's names while the remainder were associated with fictitious men's names. A three‐way interaction indicated that women tended to discriminate against the productions attributed to men, and men significantly discriminated against the productions of women. But all discriminations were limited to intellectual productions (quotatio

ISSN:0021-9029    

DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1977.tb02420.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY