摘要:

Organophosphorus (OP) compounds have a great variety of biological activities. The functions of the phosphorus moiety in OP agrochemicals may be classified as follows; 1) the principal of phosphorylation; 2) the leaving group in alkylation; 3) a building block to maintain the shape or physical properties of an active molecule; 4) the analog of a carboxyl group or its tetrahedral transition state in enzyme reactions; 5) a moiety of anti-metabolites mimicking physiological phosphates; 6) a carrier or protective group making a prodrug that produces an active principle after biotransformation; and 7) other unknown functions including as stressors. To have a definite, selective biological activity, the OP molecule should have a specified structure suitable in biodynamic, biokinetic, and environmental aspects.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.1

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Alternaria solaniis a causal fungus of early blight disease of potato and tomato. Two phytotoxins, alternaric acid and solanapyrones, were isolated from the different strains of the fungus. Biosynthetic studies on these two phytotoxins have been done, and in the biosynthesis of solanapyrones, it was proved that a biological Diels-Alder reaction is involved through the polyketide pathway and the participation of the enzyme Diels-Alderase has been proved for the first time.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.12

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A micro-assay method for evaluating the allergenicity of soybean allergen was developed by using the mouse antiserum againstGly mBd 30K, a major soybean allergen, and RBL-2H3, a rat mucosal mast cell line. The antiserum againstGly mBd 30K was prepared by subcutaneously immunizing BALB/c mice with the allergen. The behavior by affinity-chromatography and the properties against heat treatment show that the reaginic activity of the antiserum resided in the IgE antibody specific forGly mBd 30K. The developed assay method is shown to be useful for simulating IgE mediated type-I allergy and to be highly sensitive for detecting the allergen.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.19

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The biologically functional effect of eight kinds of hot-water extracts of shellfish on cultured human cell lines was examined in a serum-free medium model.Meretrix lusoriaandSinonovacula constrictaextracts enhanced IgM secretion of both hybridoma HB4C5 and SI102 cells when cultured with the respective extracts. The purified principle exhibited remarked activity in the adsorbed fraction in hydroxyapatite and Concanavalin A columns. The extracts ofCorbicula fluminea,Crassostreas gigas,Meretrix lusoria,Anadara granosa, andSinonovacula constrictaenhanced in nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-reducing ability of macrophage U-M cells.Meretrix lusoria,Anadara granosa, andSinonovacula constrictawere specifically cytotoxic to both cultures of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HuH-6KK hepatoblastoma. These findings imply that the extracts of shellfish that were examined exhibited a differential effect on immune cells and tumor cells.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.24

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We made a new protein-rich and fibrous foodstuff by milling and sieving brewer’s spent grain. This product contained glutamine-rich protein and the dietary fibers cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. We called this product germinated barley foodstuff (GBF). GBF had the effect of increasing fecal dry weight and number of feces and of significantly increasing jejunum mucosal protein content in rats over the cellulose group. In GBF, Gln-rich protein is thought to have strong chemical bonds with dietary fiber, an arrangement which would be important in the way these physiological effects arise. As dietary supplements of Gln or dietary fibers (i.e.,cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and a mixture of these) did not improve defecation and jejunum mucosal protein simultaneously, the effects of GBF are thought to be caused not by the individual ingredients, but by the combination of protein with dietary fiber.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.29

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Escherichia coliK-12 cultured at 20°C has more γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT: EC 2.3.2.2) activity than that cultured at 37 or 42°C. On Western blot analysis,E. coliK-12 cells cultured at 20°C produced more GGT protein than those cultured at 37°C. mRNA of the GGT gene (ggt) in the cells was also measured and it was found that the level ofggtmRNA at 20°C was 10-fold higher than that at 37°C. When theggtpromoter was replaced by atacpromoter, GGT activity at 37°C from thetacpromoter was 5-fold higher than that at 37°C from theggtpromoter, though there was less difference in GGT activity between both grown at 20°C. TheggtmRNA at 20°C was found to be more stable than that at 37°C. These results suggested that the higher GGT activity inE. coliK-12 cells grown at 20°C was due to a higher level of GGT protein at 20°C caused by higher level ofggtmRNA at 20°C because of a low-temperature dependentggtpromoter as well as the stability ofggtmRNA at 20°C.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.34

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The pyruvate kinase ofMicrobispora thermodiastaticawas purified to homogeneity and some properties of the enzyme were characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme by gel filtration is 277,000. The subunit molecular weight is 55,000 by SDS–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and only one N-terminal amino acid sequence was obtained. It had a pH optimum around pH 4.5 to 7.0 and was stable over the range of pH 4.0–8.0. The enzyme is thermostable and no activity was lost after heat treatment at 55°C for 60 min. AMP activated this enzyme and the saturation curve of the enzyme for PEP changed from sigmoidal type to hyperbolic type in the presence of AMP.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.40

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A microorganism able to grow in mineral salt medium with styrene (0.1–10%) as a sole carbon source was isolated. The bacterium belongs to the genusPseudomonas. PseudomonasLF-3 used not only styrene but also toluene as a carbon source. Cell viability, total cell count, and turbidity with 0.1% showed good results. Cell viability reached 7 × 108cells/ml with 1.0% styrene and remained near this after reaching its maximum. Maximum cell viability was 1.4 × 106cells/ml with 1.0% styrene and 1.1 × 106cells/ml with 10% styrene, respectively.PseudomonasLF-3 grew on 1-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethanol, benzylalcohol, acetophenone, phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, benzoic acid, or protocatechuic acid. The degradation product from styrene was separated and identified as 3-vinylcatechol. The yellow color observed in the medium suggests ametaring cleavage pathway.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.46

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Some physiological characteristics ofZygosaccharomyces rouxiistrain No. F51, forming a film only on saline media, were investigated. When the strain was statically cultivated in a NaCl-hypertonic medium, it produced ethanol accompanied with the consumption of glucose in the early stage of the cultivation. Subsequently, the strain assimilated the resulting ethanol to form a film on the surface of the medium after the consumption of glucose. Isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols were transiently accumulated in the medium at an unusually high concentration during the film-forming growth of the strain. The total amount of lipids readily extracted from the film-forming cells (F-cells) grown in a hypertonic medium was about 4-fold as much as that extracted from the sedimentary cells (S-cells) grown in a salt-free hypotonic medium. The total amount of higher fatty acids (C14-Cl8) fromF-cells was over twice as much as that fromS-cells. Oleic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acid inF-cells. The quantity ratio of linoleic acid to oleic acid ofF-cells was significantly high (0.5). It was suggested that the hydrophobic property ofF-cells might be associated with the ability to assimilate ethanol only aerobically and to increase the total fatty acid content of cells.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.51

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

We scrutinized the genome structures ofBacillus subtilis168 derivative strains the isolation procedure of which was well described.NotI andSfiI restriction fragment analyses indicated that strains constructed by transformation using non-168Bacillusstrains as donors had replacement of DNA segments in the predicted region. Interesting examples were found in a lineage including strains 168trpC2-YSl 1-RM125-MI112, the last two of which have a restriction-deficiency mutation (hsdM) introduced from a non-168 strain DNA. As expected, the loss of thehsdMgene was a result of replacement of thehsdMregion by non-168 DNA fragments. Moreover, RM125 acquired a previously unnoticedNotI site that gave no obvious phenotypes. Among 168 derivative strains investigated, the most extreme case had changes at six different regions of the genome, probably introduced by repeated transformations. Unsuspected DNA alterations were found even in isogenic strains constructed by phage PBS1-mediated transduction. These acquired structural variations of theB. subtilisgenome were distinct from the spontaneous DNA deletions previously characterized [M. Itaya,J. Bacteriol.,175, 741–749 (1993)]. Caution should therefore be taken for nominally isogenic strains that are thought to have identical genome structure except for the gene(s) of interest. We propose the term isogenomic strains for strains that shows the same macrorestriction fragment pattern.

ISSN:0916-8451    

DOI:10.1271/bbb.61.56

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1997

数据来源: Taylor