摘要:

AbstractIn order to investigate the communication between 21 eating disorder (ED) patients and their husbands, an observational study was carried out using two matched control groups of 21 maritally distressed (MD) and 21 nondistressed (ND) couples. During some discussion tasks the interaction was videotaped and the (verbal and nonverbal) communication skills were rated afterwards according to the Kategoriensystem für Partner‐schaftliche Interaktion (KPI) coding system. Unexpectedly, compared with the control groups ED couples do not show a greater disequilibrium (between patient and husband) in the emission rate of positive and negative messages. Also striking is the generally higher degree of self‐disclosure in ED couples than in ND couples, but this may reflect their experience of distress. Overall and most importantly, ED couples appear to lack some of the ND couples' skills of constructive communication, but manage to avoid the destructive communication style of MD couples. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<1::AID-EAT2260170102>3.0.CO;2-3

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDuring systemic family therapy with 15 hospitalized anorexics, family communication was evaluated, using a Family Aggression Scale developed by one of the authors. Initially members communicated aggression covertly. This finding may partially explain the common clinical observation that the families of anorexics present a strong facade of togetherness and avoid overt conflict. During therapy members shifted from covert communication of aggression to overt communication of aggression. This shift correlated with improvement in subjects' eating attitudes reflected by their EAT‐26 scores. All subjects gained weight. Greater weight gain occurred in subjects whose families had low levels of covert or indirect aggression. A regression analysis showed that 86% of the variance in weight gain was predicted by two leading indicators in the middle phase of treatment. Two other factors accounted for 64% of the variance in EAT scores. The findings of this study suggest that family aggression as measured by the Family Aggression Scale is a significant index of pathology in anorexics' families and is also a clinically meaningful measure of improved conflict resolution during systemic family therapy. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<23::AID-EAT2260170103>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report described 19 female patients (M = 23.5) diagnosed as obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD; DSM‐III‐R) who exhibited additional symptoms of self‐mutilation, dysmenorrhea, and dysorexia. A biphasic pattern related to menstruation during the course of OCD emerged: Phase 1, amenorrheic—characterized by anorexia nervosa, amenorrhea, and aggressive behavior, and Phase 2, postamenorrheic—characterized by self‐mutilation following the return of the menstrual cycle, dysorexia, and aggressive behavior. All mutilative acts were reported by the patients to be painless and consisted of slashes. Seventy percent of the patients were sexually abused during childhood. All patients underwent an open trial of clomipramine (M = 200 mg/day) for 6 months, and intensive behavior therapy for 8 weeks. Based on clinical observations and self‐reports, there was a decrease in self‐harm and OCD symptoms. The emergence of OCD, self‐mutilation, dysorexia, and dysmenorrhea in a sequential manner may suggest a specific clinical syndrome or the presence of an OCD subset. A biological working hypothesis of a hypothalamic dysfunction with serotonergic participation was suggested. © 1995 by Jo

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<33::AID-EAT2260170104>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a certain number of cases, parents of infant and adolescent anorexics may exhibit complications of bereavement. Both infant and adolescent forms of anorexic symptoms constitute indeed two distinct pathologies. Sometimes, however, these two forms of anorexic symptoms share points in common, namely a psychopathological aspect. Making references to two clinical cases, the authors show that difficulties in the mourning process may in fact play a key role in the constitution of anorexic symptoms. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<39::AID-EAT2260170105>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData on the prevalence of binge eating in a series of 92 massively obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery are presented. A semistructured clinical interview demonstrated that 63 individuals had problems with binge eating, 43 of these reporting episodes of binge eating more than twice a week and then meeting the diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder. By comparison with their nonbinge eating counterparts, binge eaters demonstrated higher body weight, greater weight fluctuation due to reducing diets in their past lifetime, higher Three‐Factor Eating Questionnaire Disinhibition and Hunger score, and an overall higher psychopathology as assessed by the Eating Disorder Inventory. The great prevalence of binge eating in these patients could be accounted for by the high body weight, by the characteristics of the patients, or by the context in which the eating behavior assessment was carried out. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<45::AID-EAT2260170106>3.0.CO;2-S

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe doubly labeled water method was used to measure average daily total energy expenditure (TEE) in 10 healthy normal weight women classified as unrestrained eaters and in 10 grossly obese women. The body mass index was 20.0 ± 1.3 kg/m2in the control group and 37.4 ± 8.1 kg/m2for the obese group. TEE was measured over a 2‐week period. TEE was 2,357 ± 504 kcal/day for the controls and 3,708 ± 367 kcal/day for the obese group during a cognitive‐behavioral treatment. © 1995 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<51::AID-EAT2260170107>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe caloric prescription, a key component of the nutritional therapy of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN), may be empirically prescribed, or based on predicted resting energy expenditure (REE), yet adaptive changes in the metabolic rate may render both methods unreliable. Indirect calorimetry measurement of fasting REE was obtained in 32 patients with AN (n = 21) or BN (n = 11). Predicted REE was calculated according to the Harris‐Benedict equation, and empiric caloric prescriptions were made by experienced physicians. In the AN group, mean measured REE was significantly lower than predicted REE (p = .00). The empiric caloric prescription was, as intended, significantly higher than the measured REE, but the two methods correlated significantly (r = .53, p<.05). The predicted REE overestimated caloric needs but was also highly correlated with measured REE (r = .69, p<.001). By regression analysis, measured REE could be calculated from predicted REE as follows: measured REE (Kcal/day) = (1.84 × Harris‐Benedict predicted REE) − 1,435. In the BN group, mean measured REE was not significantly different from the empiric caloric prescription (p = .09) but was significantly lower than the Harris‐Benedict predicted REE (p = .022). Neither correlated with measured REE in BN. Therefore, in BN indirect calorimetry is the only reliable method for determining caloric needs. In AN indirect calorimetry remains the preferred method, but when not available, we recommend the above equation to determine resting energy requirements. © 1995 by John Wiley&

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<59::AID-EAT2260170108>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing an Israeli school‐age group, this study replicates and extends the age group of Maloney et al.'s (Pediatrics, 84, 482–489, 1989) study of American schoolchildren's abnormal eating attitudes and behaviors. Maloney's Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) and a Demographic and Dieting Questionnaire (DDQ) were given to 186 students from Grades 3 to 6 and to 290 students from Grades 7 to 11. In Grades 3–11, 54% of students expressed a desire to lose weight and 41.6% showed behaviors aimed toward losing weight. These attitudes and behaviors were already evident in Grades 3–6. Of this group, 8.8% had ChEAT scores ≥20 (a possible at‐risk indicator of anorexia), similar to the findings of Maloney et al. Marked gender differences in the at‐risk index emerged in Grades 7–11: girls, 16.3%; boys, 1.5%. Starting at Grade 8, an exacerbation was noted in girls', in contrast to boys', preoccupation with thinness and weight‐losing behaviors. DDQ items were found to identify at‐risk groups in Grades 5–7 and 8–11. Issues were raised concerning cross‐cultural studies and strategies for timing preventative interventions. © 19

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<67::AID-EAT2260170109>3.0.CO;2-B

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study explored family functioning with adolescents of varying weight. The participants were 572 adolescents (286 boys and 286 girls) (M = 15.7 years, SD = 1.04) who comprised four weight groups: underweight (less than 90% expected weight), normal weight (90 to 110%), overweight (111 to 125%), and obese (over 125%). They completed 9 of the 15 subscales of the Self‐Report Measure of Family Functioning pertaining to family styles (e.g., Authoritarian) and relationships (e.g., Conflict, Enmeshment). Obese girls rated their families lower on Cohesion, Expressiveness, and Democratic Family Style. Obese and moderately overweight girls seem to perceive their families differently. Obese and overweight boys did not differ from normal weight boys on any of the measures. There was a tendency for underweight boys to report lower Cohesion, Expressiveness, and Democratic Family Style. The need to consider family environment, particularly the family's differing expectations for obese daughters and underweight sons, is discussed with reference to treatment. © 1995 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<73::AID-EAT2260170110>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire (SATAQ) was developed to assess women's recognition and acceptance of societally sanctioned standards of appearance. In Study 1, factor analyses revealed two clearcut factors: awareness/acknowledgment of a societal emphasis on appearance and an internalization/acceptance of these standards. These findings were cross‐validated in Study 2, resulting in a six‐item Awareness subscale (alpha = .71) and an eight‐item Internalization subscale (alpha = .88). Study 3 obtained good convergence between both scales and multiple indices of body image and eating disturbance. Regression analyses indicated that both factors accounted for unique variance associated with body image and eating dysfunction, however, internalization of standards was a stronger predictor of disturbance. The SATAQ should prove useful for researchers and clinicians interested in body image and eating disorders. © 1995 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199501)17:1<81::AID-EAT2260170111>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY