ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<1::AID-EAT2260040102>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<3::AID-EAT2260040103>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports observations following on a study of anorexia nervosa in 34 twins and one set of triplets, and within which approximately half the monozygotic (MZ) twins displayed concordance, compared with 7% of the dizygotic (DZ) twins. One additional case, involving childhood adoptions, is described, wherein neither genetic nor specifically assortative selection factors seem to have been at work. The findings suggest that genetic and environmental factors can interact to contribute to the development of this apparently culture‐based and multifactorially derived condition. A number of possible genetic strands to the condition are proposed; probably not all of them are specifically necessary for its development. The same may apply to experiential influences. Elsewhere it has been argued that the one essential charactistic of anorexia nervosa is avoidance behavior and the factors permitting and facilitating it (Crisp, 1980). Experiential influences, in the form of psychological maturational challenges in adolescence impinging on constitutional propensities to the point of precipitating the disorder out, would seem often themselves to have been influenced by constitutional psychological characteristics and earlier childhood experiences. A further pooling and study of all known twin and adoptive cases might now advance our knowledge of this condition furthe

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<5::AID-EAT2260040104>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis research investigated the prevalence of bulimia and binge eating in 363 adolescent girls in the ninth through twelfth grade (Xage= 16.0 years). Substantial proportions of these girls reported episodes of binge eating (46.0%) and acknowledged the use of self‐induced vomiting (11.2%), laxatives (4.7%), and fasting (36.4%) as methods to control their weight. While 7.7% of the girls met the DSM‐III criteria for the diagnosis of bulimia, the prevalence rate decreases to 2.8% when these criteria are modified to require the presence of at least weekly binging and purging only via self‐induced vomiting or the use of laxatives. An additional 4.4% of the girls engaged in “problematic” binge eating. Comparisons with previous research are offered and diagnostic issues

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<29::AID-EAT2260040105>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess commonalities in binge eating and other problem behavior patterns in male and female college students, and in a group of women diagnosed as bulimic. Both males and females in the college student group reported a substantial frequency of eating an excessive amount of food in a relatively short period of time. A family history of substance abuse was significantly related to reported binge behavior for college females, but not for college males. Marked similarities were found among the college and clinical group women in the emotional antecedents and consequents of the eating binge, and in the foods consumed. The males reported a significantly greater proportion of positive affect after a binge episode. A general pattern of impulse‐control problems was reported by a significant number of the clinically identified bulimic grou

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<43::AID-EAT2260040106>3.0.CO;2-E

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study contrasted the amount of food eaten in the absence of vomiting by normal‐weight bulimia nervosa patients and matched normal controls. Subjects were instructed to eat as much food as they comfortably could without vomiting afterwards in three standardized test meals: a complete dinner eaten in a laboratory situation, and spaghetti and candy eaten at home. Bulimia nervosa subjects ate a very small amount of food in each test meal when compared with control subjects. Bulimia nervosa subjects also reported greater anxiety and urge to vomit after eating. A content analysis of tape‐recorded thoughts showed that bulimia nervosa subjects were more preoccupied with eating and expressed more negative food‐related thoughts. The results support the hypothesis that women with bulimia nervosa are unable to eat normal amounts of “frightening” foods when they do not plan to vomit. This behavioral test of eating behavior appears to be useful for the assessment of bulimi

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<59::AID-EAT2260040107>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBody size estimation was studied in normal weight women with bulimia nervosa and a matched group of normal controls in order to determine whether bulimia nervosa patients overestimate their body size and whether they do so to a greater degree than women who are not suffering from an eating disorder. Estimation of five body locations was measured objectively with adjustable markers. Percentage of over‐ or underestimation was determined by the ratio of estimated to actual body size. Relative to control subjects, bulimia nervosa subjects significantly overestimated the size of their bust, waist, hips, and abdomen. Both groups overestimated the size of their face. Compared with previous studies of body size estimation in anorexia patients, the present study suggests that body size distortion might be less extreme in patients with bulimia nervos

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<71::AID-EAT2260040108>3.0.CO;2-1

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a sample of 384 college females enrolled in intramural sports programs from 1977 through 1982, height‐weight ratios revealed no evidence of anorexia nervosa inclinations in this group, contrary to what might be expected based on reports of a dramatic increase in anorexia among young women during the time period studie

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<79::AID-EAT2260040109>3.0.CO;2-R

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty obese inpatients who claimed to crave carbohydrate‐rich foods were given d‐fenfluramine (15 mg p.o., twice daily) or its placebo, double‐blind, for two consecutive eight‐day periods. Food choices were measured on treatment days 1,7,and 8 by giving the subjects access to unlimited portions of six isocaloric meal foods (three high in carbohydrate and three high in protein) and of 10 isocaloric snack foods (five high in protein and five high in carbohydrate) available 24 hours a day in a computerized vending machine, d‐fenfluramine reduced mealtime calorie intake by only 16% (from 1940±94 to 1630±92; p<.001), mealtime carbohydrate by 22%, and had no significant effect on mealtime protein consumption; in contrast, snack calorie intake was reduced by 41% (from 707 ±97 to 414±46;p<.001), and snack carbohydrate intake by the same proportion. The mean number of carbohydrate‐rich snacks consumed per day decreased from 5.8±0.8 to 3.4±0.4 (p<.01), while that of protein‐rich snacks failed to change significantly (i.e., from

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<89::AID-EAT2260040110>3.0.CO;2-D

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn unsele'cted schoolgirl population was screened by questionnaire to identify three cohorts: one “index” cohort with abnormal eating attitudes, one cohort without abnormal eating attitudes but with other mild psychiatric morbidity, and one cohort of normal subjects. Investigators, blind to screen scores, assessed the cohorts by interview for risk factors implicated in the development of anorexia nervosa. There was no association between perceived social stress and reported abnormal eating attitudes. This is one preliminary finding in a planned prospective study of putative risk factors in anorexia nervosa. The feasibility of undertaking an epidemiological study in a schoolgirl population is discus

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198502)4:1<101::AID-EAT2260040111>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY