摘要:

AbstractWe examined the existence of carbohydrate cravings, and the effects on such cravings of treatments that enhance serotonin release, among 24 obese subjects who claimed to have excessive appetites for carbohydrates. Subjects living in a college dormitory for four weeks were given three fixed meals daily and allowed to choose at will among five protein‐rich or five carbohydrate‐rich isocaloric snack foods, provided via a vending machine. For two weeks, they received no treatment (study 1) or a placebo (study 2); for the next two weeks, they received placebo, d‐1 fenfluramine or 1‐tryptophan.All but one of the subjects exhibited a marked preference for carbohydrate‐rich over protein‐rich snacks during the first two weeks of the study. The average daily intake of carbohydrate‐rich snacks was 4.1 ± 0.4 and of protein‐rich snacks 0.8 ± 0.3. Seventeen of the subjects failed to consume any protein snacks on most days during the baseline or test periods, thus it was not possible for us to examine the effect of test treatments on protein snack intake. Fenfluramine administration significantly reduced carbohydrate snacking in six of nine test subjects, as well as in the group as a whole (2.4 ± 0.6 snacks/day vs 4.2 ± 0.6 during the two‐week baseline period). Tryptophan significantly diminished carbohydrate intake in three of the eight treated subjects, and increased it in one subject; it did not significantly modify snacking patterns in the group as a whole. Placebo administration did not affect carbohydrate intake in any of the seven test subjects.These observations show that some obese people do consume carbohydrate‐rich snacks frequently and preferentially, and that this behavior can sometimes be diminished by treatments thought to enhance serotonin's release (fenfluramine) or

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<2::AID-EAT2260010102>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA variety of physiological abnormalities are associated with the disorder, anorexia nervosa. In this study 40 anorexia patients were studied for hematological, electrolyte, lipid, and serum enzyme aberrations when they entered a treatment study in the emaciated state and again after nutritional rehabilitation. This article discusses all those metabolic aberrations which revert to normal with nutritional rehabilitation and those aberrations which occur in the course of weight gain.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<16::AID-EAT2260010103>3.0.CO;2-H

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on a study comparing clinical symptomatology, premorbid functioning, family relations, life stress, and parent medical and psychiatric history in two matched groups of juvenile anorexia nervosa patients, one with and one without the syndrome of bulimia. In comparison to nonbulimic anorectics, bulimics evidenced higher levels of core anorectic sympomatology and were more likely to show affective disturbance and alchohol use. Bulimia was more strongly associated with affective instability and other signs of behavioral deviance during childhood. The family environment of bulimics was characterized by significantly greater conflict and negativity, less cohesion, and less structure than the nonbulimic anorectic family, and bulimics experienced more stressful life changes prior to illness onset than did nonbulimic patients. Parents of bulimic anorectics also reported significantly higher levels of marital discord, were rated as more emotionally distant from their daughters, and exhibited greater psychiatric morbidity and physical health problems. Results were consistent with the author's hypothesis that the disposition toward bulimia is rooted in early disturbances in ego functioning, personality adaptation, and other maladaptive factors. Study of the pathological effects of psychological, genetic, and physiological factors on appetite controlling mechanisms in anorectic subgroups deserves further investigation.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<28::AID-EAT2260010104>3.0.CO;2-9

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper atempts a developmental understanding of the anaclitic depression which frequently underlies anorexia nervosa. Familial lapses in transactional boundaries are viewed as leading to a maternal overinvolvement or unavailability during the practicing subphase of the separation‐in‐dividuation process. The future anorectic is consequently arrested at a sensorimotor level of self and object representations with no ability to evoke a representation of the object in its absence. Such individuals remain vulnerable to separation experiences and the sense of depression, loss, and helplessness which accompany these experiences. Much anorectic symptomology can then be looked at as a defense against such experiences and the potential loss of self‐other boundaries which accompany

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<44::AID-EAT2260010105>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes a patient with known gonadal dysgenesis (Turner syndrome) who developed anorexia nervosa (AN). The case is of interest not only because it is the 13th documented coincidence of these two relatively uncommon conditions but because the patient had been treated continuously with sex hormone replacemnt from the age of 12 through the period of her hospitalization from the AN. Despite the presence of the gonadal dysgenesis and the ongoing steroid therapy, the patient's clinical and other endocrine findings were fully characterisitc of typical AN. She also demonstrated significant lateralized neuropsychological disturbances; these were clearly secondary to the Turner syndrome but might have been attributed erroneously to the AN if the former condition had not be diagnosed previously.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<62::AID-EAT2260010106>3.0.CO;2-Y

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe published literature on behavioral treatments of rumination is reviewed, and new case material on two recently reported procedures is presented. Rumination, a medical condition of infancy involving repeated regurgitation of previously ingested food, has historically been treated from a psychodynamic approach involving extended in‐patient treatment by mother surrogates. This procedure is both time‐consuming and very costly. The initial behavioral approach involved electric shock. Single‐case studies reflect the utility of this procedure, but widespread resistance to this form of punishment makes this a difficult procedure to utilize. More recent behavioral procedures reported in single‐case studies have included delivering aversive taste stimuli as consequences for ruminating. This procedure has met with mixed success, and has the added drawback of being difficult to implement technically and because of staff resistance. A combination of punishment by scolding, time‐out, and reinforcement of retaining the food constitutes a useful alternative. This procedure has the added advantage of being more acceptable to staff and implementable at home. The possibility of individual differences among ruminators that might predict success is al

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<70::AID-EAT2260010107>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<83::AID-EAT2260010108>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<93::AID-EAT2260010109>3.0.CO;2-F

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198123)1:1<::AID-EAT2260010101>3.0.CO;2-W

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY