摘要:

AbstractStudies investigating a possible relationship between sexual abuse and eating disorders have reported highly discrepant results. Some variability can be accounted for by methodological issues including diagnostic criteria, study design, and assessment techniques. The heterogeneity of an eating disordered population, especially regarding the comorbidity of eating pathology and personality disorder, is also a factor. Overall results suggest that around 30% of eating disordered patients have been sexually abused in childhood, a figure that is relatively comparable to rates found in normal populations. For some patients there may be a direct link between sexual trauma and eating pathology, but in general sexual abuse is best considered a risk factor in a biopsychosocial etiological model of eating disorders. Complex associations between trauma, self‐regulatory deficits, and psychopathology require further research. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, I

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<1::AID-EAT2260130102>3.0.CO;2-P

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDegree of eating pathology in bulimia nervosa was assessed using the Eating Behavior Rating Scale (EBRS) across three videotaped eating sessions. Twelve bulimic and 12 non‐eating disordered subjects participated in this study. All subjects were filmed during a baseline meal (ad libitum), a high‐calorie meal, and a low‐calorie meal (both fixed amounts). Mean EBRS scores were significantly higher for bulimics (12.6 ± 1.7) than for controls (3.9 ± 0.9), suggesting a higher degree of eating pathology in these patients. Affect during eating was significantly more negative in the bulimic patients. EBRS and affect scores were significantly correlated [r (11) = .813, p<.01]. Bulimics had a slower rate of eating than controls and took significantly longer to initiate eating. Scores of pathological eating correlated with scores on the Eating Attitudes Test and the Bulimic Investigatory Test‐Edinburgh, indicating a relationship between objective measures of pathological eating and self‐report measures of eating disorder symptoms. © 1993 by John Wil

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<13::AID-EAT2260130103>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractObese patients entering a weight control program were classified as binge eaters if they reported uncontrolled consumption of what others would regard as an unusually large amount of food at least once a week for the previous month. Binge eaters differed significantly from nonbingers across a broad range of eating and weight‐related characteristics assessed using a self‐report version of the Eating Disorder Examination. Attitudinal differences were marked. The results provided no support for the view that obese binge eaters have a pattern of general “addictiveness” to psychoactive substances or other activities. © 7993 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<25::AID-EAT2260130104>3.0.CO;2-T

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough cognitive behavioral treatment is the treatment of choice in bulimia nervosa, patients' response is variable. A minority of patients do not respond at all and some never engage in treatment. This paper concerns the latter group. A case series of six such patients with whom treatment could not be initiated is compared with a group who received a full course of treatment. The group with whom treatment could not begin were found to have a longer history of disorder, to report excessive laxative abuse, to have more severe depressed mood and a greater dissatisfaction with their body weight. In addition, they were more likely to have abused psychoactive substances, engaged in episodes of self‐harm, and have a lower self‐esteem. They were also more likely to be diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder. Patients presenting with the wide range of difficulties characteristic of this group require a more intensive form of treatment than standard outpatient cognitive behavior therapy. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons,

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<35::AID-EAT2260130105>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPregnancy and eating disorders is a subject that has received relatively little attention in the literature. Yet, several serious complications have been found in both the mother and the fetus when a woman with an eating disorder becomes pregnant. In this paper the literature is reviewed for both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and suggestions for future research are offered. Clinical implications for the treatment of the pregnant eating disordered patient are discussed. © by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<41::AID-EAT2260130106>3.0.CO;2-L

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractClinical characteristics and perceptions of family of origin were examined in I6 bulimic women with comorbid alcohol abuse or dependence, 77 women with bulimia alone, and 30 normal controls. Family Environment Scale self‐report and Family Environment Q‐sort analysis of taped semi‐structured interviews about family environment revealed that while there were no differences across groups in global family environment items, differences existed in specific parental characteristics. Fathers of bulimic women (with or without alcohol abuse or dependence) were perceived as being significantly more seductive than fathers of normal controls. Bulimic women (with or without alcohol abuse or dependence) tended to view their mothers as more neurotic and to have experienced less enjoyment in their maternal role. Mothers of bulimic women with alcohol abuse tended to place the greatest emphasis on weight, exercise, and appearance. © 1993 by John Wiley&Son

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<49::AID-EAT2260130107>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent research on the eating behavior of restrained eaters following a dietary preload indicates that both dieting and self‐esteem may influence consumption. While Polivy, Heatherton, and Herman (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 97, 354–356, 1988) found a forced preload to lead to increased consumption by low self‐esteem restrained eaters, Lowe, Whitlow, and Bellwoar (International Journal of Eating Disorders, 10, 461–471, 1991) found restrained dieters to decrease their consumption following a dietary preload. The current study was designed to investigate the influences of self‐esteem and dieting on the eating behavior of restrained eaters while in a negative mood state. Subjects were 80 normal weight undergraduate women in a 2 × 2 × 2 design (Restrained/Unrestrained by Success/ Failure by Low Self‐Esteem/High Self‐Esteem). Current dieting, though not self‐esteem, was found to influence consumption. Restrained dieters consumed significantly less in a negative mood state than when in a positive mood state, while nondieters, irrespective of restraint status, consumed comparable amounts in both mood states. © 1993 by Jo

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<57::AID-EAT2260130108>3.0.CO;2-6

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study examined the concept of restrained eating as measured by the Restraint Scale and the restrained eating section of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. The results showed that when answering questionnaires, subjects do not differentiate between items relating to attempts at dieting and actual restrictive behavior and that restrained eating can be conceptualized in terms of both successful and failed restraint. In addition, the results suggest that subjects who report high scores on both these measures of restraint represent a population of dieters prone to overeating behavior. The results are discussed in terms of the population selected by measures of restrained eating and in relation to the definition of restraint. © 1993 by John Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<69::AID-EAT2260130109>3.0.CO;2-Z

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough the variable nature of body image was underscored by Schilder (The image and appearance of the human body. New York: International Universities Press, 1950), few investigators have addressed the stability of body image or its sensitivity to variation in environmental or situational conditions. Most researchers have assumed that body image is a stable characteristic. The present study was designed to investigate the situational specificity of body satisfaction, one facet of body image. One hundred forty‐four undergraduate women indicated their degree of body satisfaction in general and in the following four situations: (a) walking by a group of attractive men and women at the beach in a bathing suit, (b) having a conversation with a close female friend over lunch, (c) getting dressed to go to school in privacy, and (d) trying on bathing suits in the dressing room of a department store. Body satisfaction varied significantly across the four situations for all body parts except the face, hair, and hands. Additionally, body satisfaction scores were found to reflect how subjects felt about their bodies when they were being especially self‐critical, rather than how they felt in “everyday” situations. © 1993 by John Wiley&S

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<77::AID-EAT2260130110>3.0.CO;2-N

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn aspect of the considerable research on the association between eating disorders and discrepancies in body image estimation is the extent, if at all, that such discrepancies could be due to a more general tendency to show a positive or negative bias in estimation of the size of objects. One hundred female subjects, without known eating disorder, estimated the width of their own bodies (head, shoulders, waist, and hips), of another person's body (waist and hips), of four commercial packages, and of a cylinder. Errors in estimation, computed as algebraic differences from the true value, were computed, and all error means were found to be positive. Correlations between the error scores were all positive. Factor analysis of the correlations between the 11 error scores indicated a substantial general factor plus a bipolar factor, or alternatively two positively correlated factors referring to human body or physical measures. Results were interpreted as supporting the notion of a broad general tendency to enhance or diminish estimations of the width of familiar objects including estimations of the width of own body parts. The relevance of this finding to eating disorders was discussed. © 1993 by lohn Wiley&Sons, Inc

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(199301)13:1<85::AID-EAT2260130111>3.0.CO;2-J

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY