ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<1::AID-EAT2260070102>3.0.CO;2-4

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent theories have implicated disturbed cognitions in the etiology and perpetuation of eating disorders. However, the specific nature of these disturbances has received only limited empirical attention. Therefore the present study assessed subjects with a range of eating pathology on three types of cognitive dysfunction: logical errors, cognitive slippage, and conceptual complexity. Affective features were also assessed for purposes of contrast and discriminant validity. The Cognitive Error Questionnaire (Lefebvre, 1981), Thought Disorder Index (Blatt&Ritzier, 1974), Friedman's Developmental Level (Goldfried, Stricker,&Weiner, 1971), Sentence Completion Test (Loevinger&Wessler, 1970), Dysphoria Questionnaire (Johnson&Larson, 1982), and Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, 1978) were administered to 19 restrictive anorexics, 14 bulimic anorexics, 17 normal‐weight bulimics, 15 subclinical eating disorders, and 17 normal control subjects. All groups were matched for age, sex, race, education, and marital status. The eating disordered groups were matched for duration of illness and treatment history, and the anorexic groups were matched on percent of ideal body weight.Both anorexic groups manifested more logical errors than the control group; the normal‐weight bulimic and subclinical groups were indistinguishable from the controls on this index. There were no significant differences among groups on cognitive slippage or conceptual complexity. In contrast, dysphoria and depression were prominent features of all four eating disordered groups. The significance and conjoint influence of cognitive and affective factors in eating pathology is discus

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<19::AID-EAT2260070103>3.0.CO;2-2

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough antidepressant medications appear to offer a promising short‐term treatment for bulimia nervosa, the effectiveness of these agents has yet to be definitively demonstrated. Their value in long‐term treatment is even less clear, with high relapse rates occurring on withdrawal of medication and frequent changes of drugs being required over time. Data from double‐blind, placebo‐controlled studies indicate that they are unlikely to act by treatment of any underlying depression. Other possible clinical and neurochemical actions in bulimia are discussed. As yet, there have been no comparative treatment studies to guide the clinician in the choice between pharmacological and psychological interventions for subjects with bulimia

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<29::AID-EAT2260070104>3.0.CO;2-X

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFemale patients with bulimia or atypical eating disorder (n = 31) were compared on dimensions of psychiatric symptomatology (SCL‐90) and measures of eating problems (Eating Disorder inventory, Diagnostic Survey for Eating Disorders) with 10 similar patients who were also diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder. In addition to greater symptom severity and higher levels of distress (p<.05), the borderline subgroup scored higher on SCL‐90 scales for interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and depression (p<.05), with no differences on the scales for bulimia and body‐related concerns. The borderline subgroup of eating disorder patients did not differ on any SCL‐90 scales from another comparison group of borderline patients without eating disorder (n = 32). The differential self‐perceptions of the borderline subgroup may have implications for the formation of a therapeutic rel

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<43::AID-EAT2260070105>3.0.CO;2-U

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA bulimic episode during adolescence appears to be a risk factor for chronic eating disorders, yet little is known about the prevalence or psychosocial correlates of bulimia in this age group. The prevalence of bulimia was determined in a geographically, racially, and economically diverse sample of 1,373 high school boys and girls. In addition to DSM‐III criteria, a minimum binge‐eating frequency of once per month was employed. For bulimia, with purging, a minimum purging frequency of once per month was employed. Bulimia was identified in 9.6% of girls (with purging, 2.2%; without purging, 7.4%) and in 1.2% of boys (with purging, 0.1%; without purging, 1.1%). The two subtypes of bulimia subjects were demographically and psychologically equivalent. Bulimia subjects (combined) did not differ from normals on race, age, or SES. Bulimics exhibited more negative body image, negative self‐esteem, social anxiety, and depression than normals. In the total sample of students, general eating disorder symptomatology was predicted by measures of body image, depression, and social anxiety in girls and by body image and depression in

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<51::AID-EAT2260070106>3.0.CO;2-Q

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA questionnaire was developed to measure main areas of nutritional knowledge. Fifty‐six patients with DSM‐III diagnoses of anorexia nervosa, bulimia, or atypical eating disorders and 144 normal controls completed the questionnaire. Item analyses of a condensed form of the original instrument indicated satisfactory reliability of total scale and subscales. Patients with anorexia nervosa or bulimia had significantly higher mean scores for nutritional knowledge than controls on subscales “Macronutrients and Roughage” and “Calories” but did not differ from them on the subscale “Micronutrients and Vitamins.“ Patients with bulimia and patients with anorexia nervosa had equivalent scores. About 15% of anorectic or bulimic patients scored below the 25th percentile of normal controls. Implications for dietary management in eating disorder

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<63::AID-EAT2260070107>3.0.CO;2-I

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncreasingly, investigators have sought to relate stress to the etiology and maintenance of bulimia. The current research literature on stress in general now views stress as a process that includes not only stimulus and response but mediators such as appraisal, control, coping, and social support that may predispose one to experience stress or to be more reactive to potential stressors. We suggest that viewing the stress process comprehensively may have heuristic value in the study of bulimia. Such an approach provides a clearly articulated, testable model and facilitates organization of a currently confusing literature. We review current research on stress and bulimia in this context and try to identify what knowledge exists, where the gaps are, and what kinds of questions must be asked in future research.

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<75::AID-EAT2260070108>3.0.CO;2-A

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a study on 540 women, the relationship between overeating and sex‐role orientation, and the effects of anxiety and negative self‐concept on this relationship was studied. Two types of overeating are distinguished: emotional, and external eating behavior. Both emotional and external eating behavior were found to be related to the adherence to feminine stereotype traits, not to the adherence to masculine stereotype traits. Furthermore, these relationships were attenuated when scores for the scales for anxiety and self‐concept were partialed out. This suggests that the contribution of femininity to both types of overeating is due mainly to anxiety and negative self‐concept associated with female stereotype traits. It is concluded that feminine sex‐typed women seem to be particularly at risk for o

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<89::AID-EAT2260070109>3.0.CO;2-0

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) was used to compare the way in which a group of anorectic and a group of bulimic patients remembered their parents in childhood. The results were compared with published data. No differences were demonstrated on the “protection” score, but there were small and inconsistent differences on the “care” score. In general, the clinical subjects produced widely varied results, and the data do not support hypotheses which suggest that eating disordered patients have had a childhood characterized by any particular pattern of parental relat

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<101::AID-EAT2260070110>3.0.CO;2-8

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo examine the relationship between perceived weight, actual weight, and depressive symptoms in a general adolescent sample, 344 junior and senior high school students were administered the Beck Depression Inventory and the Health Behaviors Questionnaire. Chi‐square analyses revealed that perceptions of weight varied by sex but not by age. An analysis of variance using depression scores as the dependent variable revealed a main effect for age, with 11‐13 year olds less depressed than 14‐16 or 17‐18 year olds; a main effect for weight perception, with those who perceived themselves to be of normal weight less depressed than those who thought they were underweight or overweight; and a significant interaction of actual weight and sex, with females tending to be less depressed if actually underweight and males tending to be less depressed if actually ove

ISSN:0276-3478    

DOI:10.1002/1098-108X(198801)7:1<107::AID-EAT2260070111>3.0.CO;2-#

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY