摘要:

Beginning with this issue the American Institute of Physics will sendPhysics Todayto its entire membership. This includes all who are members of the Institute automatically because they are members of the American Physical Society, Optical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America, American Association of Physics Teachers, or Society of Rheology, as well as associate members of the AIP and members of Student Sections. This service will be rendered without adding in any way to the financial burdens of the Societies or their members. The achievement of general circulation at no extra cost has been made possible by the Institute's successful efforts to increase outside income, largely advertising and circulation income of the Institute‐owned journals.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061129

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Your invitation to the National Science Foundation was to testify concerning the impact of the immigration laws upon science. For the most part the effect of the immigration laws upon science is not substantially different from the effect upon other professional and scholarly activities. In the matters concerning the admission of foreign scientists as visitors, however, experience has demonstrated the existence of a problem of special concern to science and one in which the stake of this country is large. It is, therefore, to this special problem that I shall speak.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061130

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

As a result of the increasing need for reliable temperature measurements at both very high and very low temperatures, the National Bureau of Standards is extending its temperature standardization and research program toward the extremes of the temperature scale. While the accurate measurement of temperature has long been of interest to the research scientist, its importance, particularly at the extreme ends of the scale, has greatly increased with the rapid technical developments of recent years. During this period, many improvements in industrial processes for the manufacture of products such as steel, glass, gasoline, and other important commodities have resulted from the increased precision that is being attained in the measurement and control of temperature. In aeronautics there are new temperature problems in connection with the use of jet propulsion and the operation of aircraft at high altitudes and in polar regions. To attain the desired performance in jet engines, fundamental research is required to develop methods of measuring temperatures of flames and to develop temperature‐sensitive devices for indicating performance and controlling operation. For use at jet‐engine temperatures as well as in arctic cold, mechanical parts must be specially designed using materials capable of withstanding these extremes in order to function satisfactorily. Likewise, as a result of the applications of atomic energy, it has become necessary to learn more about the heat‐transfer properties of a variety of materials at increasingly high temperatures. For effective research in these fields, temperatures must be accurately measured, and the results of one laboratory must be comparable with those of another.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061099

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061101

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061102

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061107

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The first building of the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, England, was opened in 1874 and its first professors were James Clark Maxwell, Lord Rayleigh, and J. J. Thomson. It was in this Laboratory that C. T. R. Wilson constructed the cloud chamber, an apparatus which has perhaps had more influence on the development of atomic physics than any other single piece of equipment; it was here that F. W. Aston developed his mass spectrograph, Lord Rutherford confirmed the disintegration of nitrogen by alpha particles, Sir James Chadwick discovered the neutron, and Sir John Cockroft and E. T. S. Walton first achieved the disintegration of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated particles.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061108

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

“Joint Task Force 132, operating for the Department of Defense and the United States Atomic Energy Commission,” the AEC announced on November 16th, “has concluded the third series of weapons development tests at Eniwetok Atoll in the Marshall Islands. Like the GREENHOUSE series 1951, it was designed to further the development of various types of weapons. In furtherance of the President's announcement of January 31, 1950, the test program included experiments contributing to thermonuclear weapons research.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061110

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Of the three thousand PhD's in physics listed inAmerican Men of Science, more than sixty percent received their doctorates from thirteen leading institutions, according to a survey of the graduate school origins of physicists prepared by John N. Cooper of the Ohio State University and published in the November 1952 issue of theAmerican Journal of Physics. The University of Chicago heads the list with a total of 230 awards. Expanded graduate school programs at a number of other institutions, however, may be expected within a decade or so to swell the list of major producers of PhD's in physics, Dr. Cooper says.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061112

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Federal agencies having grants and contracts for scientific research and development at nonprofit institutions made available for such programs a total of $297 million in fiscal year 1951 and $341 million in fiscal year 1952, according to a preliminary analysis of information compiled by the National Science Foundation with the cooperation of all agencies engaged in research and development activities. Eighteen agencies reported research and development funds going to nonprofit institutions. Funds administered by the Department of Defense made up over fifty percent of the total in each year, compared with about thirty‐five percent for the Atomic Energy Commission, almost six percent for the Federal Security Agency, and slightly less than five percent for the Department of Agriculture. The remaining agencies accounted for less than three percent of the total.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.3061113

出版商:AIP    

年代:1953

数据来源: AIP