ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916073

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916034

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916037

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The 1983 Nobel prize in physics has been awarded to Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (University of Chicago) “for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars” and to William A. Fowler (Caltech) “for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the Universe.” The two men shared the prize (worth about $190 000 this year) equally.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916038

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The Nuclear Science Advisory Committee submitted its newLong Range Plan for Nuclear Scienceto DOE and NSF last month. The “highest priority” major new facility recommended in the 1983 NSAC Plan appears already to have aroused considerable excitement beyond the borders of the traditional nuclear‐physics community. NSAC is urging the construction of an ultrarelativistic heavy‐ion collider—a double ring of counter‐circulating 30‐GeV‐per-nucleon beams of ions all the way up to uranium.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916040

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We live in a world of fluids—air, water, blood, gasoline. In fact, fluids are so vital and familiar to everyday life that one can easily take their varied and fascinating properties for granted. Many household products exist because they make use of some exotic flow phenomena. A cookbook is a storehouse of fluid facts. Our industrial civilization began when the change of water to steam—really an extraordinary occurrence in its own right—was appreciated and applied. Fluids, then, have intrigued scientists for hundreds of years and their diverse behavior means that their study is rich in concepts and models and draws upon and contributes to many fields; it is truly multidisciplinary, in fact.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916041

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Almost a hundred years ago, Osborne Reynolds carried out a simple experiment. He filled a leather bag with marbles, topped it with water and then twisted it, thereby inducing a shear. The water level drops because the close packing of the marbles is disrupted as layers of marbles slide over each other during the twisting motion; as a result the marbles are further apart on average, creating space that the water has to fill.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916042

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

Fluid dynamics is an old subject. In 1687, Isaac Newton wrote a simple equation defining the viscosity of a fluid as the coefficient of proportionality between the shear stress and the velocity gradient. Newton's equation does well at describing gases and liquids made up of “light” molecules—those of molecular weight less than about 1000. By the middle of the last century the mathematical description of the flow of such “Newtonian” fluids was well established. This description is based on use of the laws of conservation of mass and momentum.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916043

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The 300‐year‐old discipline of Newtonian mechanics is still the basis for today's computer calculations at our national laboratories. However, computers are prompting important changes within mechanics itself. Versions of atomistic mechanics now under development save time by matching numerical techniques to computer capabilities, which—even with the fastest, newest machines—are quite limited when compared to the complexities inherent in modeling the real world.

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916044

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP

ISSN:0031-9228    

DOI:10.1063/1.2916045

出版商:AIP    

年代:1984

数据来源: AIP