摘要:

Objective. To test the ability of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to predict attendance for breast cancer screening and reattendance 3 years later, using data from a prospective longitudinal study. Method. A total of 1215 women who had never had breast screening completed a postal questionnaire sent to them shortly before they were to receive their first invitation for X‐ray mammography in the UK's National Health Service Breast Screening Programme. The questionnaire included items to tap attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention to attend. Attendance and then reattendance 3 years later were monitored from screening clinic records. Results. Two main results are reported. (1) Intention and first‐time attendance were predicted successfully from the TPB, and attendance was the single predictor of reattendance 3 years later. (2) The TPB was able to distinguish between intenders who attended and those who did not. Conclusion. The implications of the results are considered both for theory and for policy and practice. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of designing interventions to increase attendance and reattenda

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168720

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objectives. This study was designed to assess changes in perceived risk, cognitive intrusions and distress in women undergoing counselling for familial risk of developing breast cancer. Design. A longitudinal design in which 90 consecutive women attending a family history clinic were asked to indicate their concerns before counselling and then again 3 and 6 months post‐counselling. Method. Questionnaires included measures of thought content and intrusiveness, cancer specific distress (Cockburn, De Luise, Hurley,&Clover, 1992), a Visual Analogue scale (VAS) of perceived risk, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale (Zigmond&Snaith, 1983). Results. Sixty‐nine women agreed to take part in the study, with 49 completing all three sets of questionnaires. Before counselling, thought intrusiveness and HAD depression scores accounted for 69% of the variance in the measure of cancer specific distress. Women who dropped out of the study before the post‐counselling assessments reported higher levels of intrusiveness at baseline than those who completed the study. Perceived risk was only moderately related to actual risk post‐counselling and increases/ decreases in thought intrusiveness correlated positively with increases/decreases in both perceived risk and distress. Conclusions. Psychological distress is related to levels of perceived risk, a relationship which may be mediated by thought intrusiveness. It could be more appropriate for genetic counselling services to provide strategies for managing intrusiveness of worries rather than attempting to modify risk perc

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168739

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective. To evaluate the relative contributions of personal models and depression to the prediction of multiple outcomes in diabetes. Design and methods. Participants (N= 111) in a randomized trial of an intervention to increase dietary self‐management for diabetes patients were assessed for individual differences on three components of personal models (Seriousness, Treatment Effectiveness and Control)and depression on two occasions over a 3‐month period. The predictive utility of personal models versus depression was evaluated for dietary, physiologic and quality‐of‐life outcomes, controlling for baseline levels. Results. Personal models and depression were relatively stable over 3 months (r= .56‐.70). Personal models were predictive of outcomes in each category (eating patterns,p<.01; glycosylated haemoglobin,p<.01; physical functioning,p<.05; mental health,p<.05), whereas depression was only predictive of the mental health component of quality of life (p<.01). Conclusions. Personal models appeared to be stronger and more consistent predictors of outcome than depression. The implications of these findings were discussed in terms of the self‐regulatory model and interventions to improve diabetes self

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168748

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objectives. To examine the relationship between dialysis adequacy, psychological status and quality of life in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Design. A single group, cross‐sectional study with correlational and multiple regression analyses. Methods. Seventy‐two patients were assessed on measures of dialysis adequacy (kinetic transfer/volume urea), self‐report depression and anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale), locus of control (Locus of Control of Behaviour (LCB) scale) and quality of life (Kidney Disease Quality of Life (KDQOL) instrument). Results. Using correlational and multiple regression analyses it was found that psychological factors, particularly depression, were much stronger determinants of quality of life in CAPD patients than biological indices of dialysis adequacy. A significant proportion of the patients was distressed as assessed by the HAD scale. Patients also tended to be external in locus of control orientation. Conclusions. Assessment of psychological status and psychosocial needs should be an integral part of the therapy offered to CAPD patients in order for them to achieve an optimal quality

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168757

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objective. To identify the criteria spinal cord injury (SCI) survivors use in assessing their quality of life and to examine the concept of priority shifting following SCI. Design. Comparison of results obtained from a population‐based sample of SCI men to comparable general non‐disabled population norms. Subjects. 195 SCI men, injured 23‐49 years earlier, who participated in a population‐based study of outcomes following long‐term SCI. Setting. Two British regional SCI treatment centres: the National Spinal Injuries Centre at Stoke Mandeville Hospital in Aylesbury, and the Regional Spinal Injuries Centre at the District General Hospital in Southport. Main outcome measurement. Flanagan's Quality of Life and Individual Needs Questionnaire, which ranks 15 life priorities in terms of importance and how wellpersonal needs are met in each area. Results. SCI men differed from non‐disabled people in how they ranked the determinants of their quality of life. Unlike non‐disabled people, for the SCI men neither health nor work were highly correlated to their perceived quality of life. Though age did not seem to explain observed differences, severity of the disability and individuals' own abilities and accomplishments did play a role in their rankings. Conclusions. These findings suggest that SCI men do change the criteria they use in assessing their quality of life and may in fact devalue less attainable goals while increasing the importance of areas in which they might

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168766

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objectives. To investigate the cognitive model of psoriasis held by patients and to explore its relationship with pathological worrying, and with the clinical severity and anatomical location of the patients' psoriasis. Design. Correlational design. Methods. A total of 140 patients with psoriasis attending the University of Manchester's Psoriasis SpecialityClinic at Hope Hospital, Salford underwent a medical examination where the clinical severity of their psoriasis and medical history were assessed by their dermatologist. The Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ)were used to assess worry and illness representations, respectively. Results. Clinical severity of psoriasis was not associated with illness perceptions nor with pathological worry. A logistic regression analysis indicated that pathological worry was associated with stronger beliefs in psoriasis having serious consequences, and stronger beliefs in an emotionalcause. Women were also significantly more likely to be members of the pathological worry group. It was found that 38%of the sample scored within one standard deviation of the worry score for patients diagnosed with Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Conclusions. A considerable number of patients with psoriasis experience high levels of worrying thoughts that are linkedmore to personal and social evaluative concerns than to the pathophysiology or course of their disease.

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168775

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Objectives. This study investigates 50 cases of parasuicide (defined as any act of deliberate self‐harm irrespective of intention) admitted via an accident and emergency department of a general hospital and identifies differences between parasuicide sub‐types. Design. A cross‐sectional design is employed. Methods. Fifty individuals were interviewed the morning following a parasuicidal episode. Index parasuicides (N= 24) were compared with repeaters (N= 26). Those who verbalized their desire to die (N= 21) were compared with those who did not want to die (N= 16) and those who were ambivalent (N= 13). The interview schedule measured five risk factor domains including self‐report of mental and physical health, perceptions of control, isolation and stressors. Results. The prevalence of previously reported risk factors was replicated. Those who repeatedly attempted suicide tended to view their actions as more aggressive and were less relieved to be alive than those who attempted suicide for the first time. They also tended to be more angry at being alive and recognized the fatal consequences of their acts. Those who verbalized a wish to die differedfrom those who did not, and from those who were ambivalent, in terms of perceived aggressiveness of their actions, relief atbeing alive, anger and perceived risk. Conclusions. Self‐report measures can distinguish repeaters from first‐time parasuicides. These findings could be integrated into existing risk assessment procedures and improve their ef

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168784

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Sari Roth‐Roemer, Sharon Robinson Kurpius, and Cheryl Carmin. New York: W. W. Norton&Co. 1998. Pp. 465. Hardback, £33.00. ISBN 0 393 70268 5.A. R. Block, E. F. Kremer, and E. Fernandez. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 1998. £139.95. ISBN 0 803 82680 7.Christina Lee. London: Sage. 1998. Pp. 256. Cloth, £45.00; Paper, £14.99. ISBN 0 761 95729 4.David S. Krantz and Andrew Baum. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. 1998. Pp. 320. £55.95. ISBN 0 805 8

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910700168793

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2000

数据来源: WILEY