摘要:

PurposePsychosocial and health behaviour treatments and therapies can be extended beyond traditional research or clinical settings by using mobile technology to deliver interventions to individuals as they go about their daily lives. These ecological momentary interventions (EMIs) are treatments that are provided to people during their everyday lives (i.e. in real time) and in natural settings (i.e. real world). The goal of the present review is to synthesize and critique mobile technology‐based EMI aimed at improving health behaviours and psychological and physical symptoms.MethodsTwenty‐seven interventions using palmtop computers or mobile phones to deliver ambulatory treatment for smoking cessation, weight loss, anxiety, diabetes management, eating disorders, alcohol use, and healthy eating and physical activity were identified.ResultsThere is evidence that EMI can be successfully delivered, are accepted by patients, and are efficacious for treating a variety of health behaviours and physical and psychological symptoms. Limitations of the existing literature were identified and recommendations and considerations for research design, sample characteristics, measurement, statistical analyses, and clinical implementation are discussed.ConclusionsMobile technology‐based EMI can be effectively implemented as interventions for a variety of health behaviours and psychological and physical symptoms. Future research should integrate the assessment and intervention capabilities of mobile technology to create dynamically and individually tailored EMI that are ecologically sens

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X466063

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesIntrusive memories have been identified in cancer patients and associated with psychological distress and maladaptive adjustment. Imagery rescripting is a psychological therapy that has proved successful for reducing the impact and distress associated with intrusive memories in various populations (e.g. depression). This paper describes the first application of this technique for a cancer patient reporting intrusive memories.DesignA single‐case design was used to assess the stand‐alone therapy.ResultsImagery rescripting was associated with significant reductions in the adverse impact of intrusive memories and psychological distress and these effects remained at 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up.ConclusionsImagery rescripting shows promise for utility in medical patients experiencing intrusive

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X425329

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to identify individual factors that may predict which subset of prostate cancer patients is more likely to experience emotional distress.Design and methodsProstate cancer survivors identified through the Icelandic Cancer Registry (N=184), completed questionnaires measuring emotional distress, dispositional emotional expressivity and social constraints.ResultsA significant positive relationship was observed between perceived social constraints and distress (e.g. anxiety, depression, and intrusive thoughts), but only among prostate cancer survivors with higher levels of dispositional emotional expressivity.ConclusionsThe results of our study suggest that it might be important to assess individual differences as well as social environmental factors in the treatment of distress among prostate cancer survivors.

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X426148

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesTo determine the association between two regulatory foci (i.e. promotion and prevention focus) and distress in patients with chronic disease requiring self‐management, and to determine whether these associations were moderated by partner support.Design and methodFour hundred and seventy‐seven patients with diabetes, asthma, or heart disease completed a postal survey consisting of the Regulatory Focus Questionnaire, questionnaires measuring active engagement (i.e. supportive behaviour) and protective buffering and overprotection (i.e. unsupportive behaviour) by the partner as perceived by the patient, and the General Health Questionnaire‐12 to measure distress.ResultsA promotion focus was negatively associated with distress. This association was only found when patients reported that their partner engaged in relatively low levels of active engagement or relatively high levels of protective buffering and overprotection. The positive association between prevention focus and distress was not consistently found to be moderated by partner support.ConclusionActive engagement appears to buffer against high distress in patients with a weak promotion focus, while protective buffering and overprotection appear to aggravate distress in these pat

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X429091

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveThis study investigated the combined influence of social structural factors (e.g. income) and cognitions in predicting changes in physical activity. Four models were tested: (a) direct effects (social structural factors influence behaviour controlling for cognitions), (b) mediation (cognitions mediate social structural influence), (c) moderation (social structural factors moderate cognition–behaviour relations), and (d) mediated moderation (cognitions mediate the moderating effects of social structural position).DesignBaseline and 3‐month follow‐up surveys.MethodsA random sample of 1,483 adults completed self‐report measures of physical activity at baseline and 3‐month follow‐up. Measures of age, gender, education, income, material and social deprivation, intention, perceived behavioural control (PBC), and intention stability also were taken.ResultsApart from age, social structural factors exhibited very small or marginal effects on behaviour change, and only education moderated the intention–behaviour relation. In contrast, the magnitude of direct effects of the social cognition variables was comparatively large and intention stability mediated the moderating effect of education.ConclusionsStable intentions and PBC are the key predictors of changes in physical activity. Consequently, our findings would suggest the value of focusing on cognitions rather than social structural variables when modelling the determinants of phys

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X429901

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesThe present study examined the factor structure of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and tested measurement invariance between genders in a representative sample of cardiac patients across 2 years.DesignConfirmatory factor analysis and structural equational modelling were used to assess the factor structure, measurement, and structural invariance of the HADS.MethodsEight hundred and one cardiac patients completed the HADS at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis consistently supported a three‐factor structure of the HADS, with the best fitting model comprised of negative affect, autonomic anxiety, and depression. Structural equation modelling showed that the HADS was invariant by gender among cardiac patients.ConclusionsThe HADS can be appropriately used with both male and female cardiac patients to assess three domains of psychological distress. Future investigations should consider the predictive validity and relevance of the HADS subscales with respect to diagnostic distinctions and clinical outcomes among cardiac patients and other clinical population

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X432745

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesTo test whether affective response to an acute bout of exercise can predict regular voluntary exercise, and specifically whether a positive affective response helps translate intentions into behaviour.DesignA prospective correlational design.MethodsParticipants (N=127) recruited from the community reported intentions to engage in voluntary exercise and frequency of participation in voluntary exercise both at baseline and at a 3‐month follow‐up. Self‐reported positive affect, negative affect, tranquillity, and fatigue were assessed during a bout of moderate intensity exercise.ResultsWithin subject slopes for increases in positive affect and decreases in fatigue during exercise, and increased tranquillity and decreased fatigue post‐exercise were associated with more frequent participation in exercise at follow‐up. Changes in negative affect did not predict exercise at follow‐up; however, this was likely due to floor effects leading to lack of baseline variability in negative affect. Importantly, a positive affective response to exercise moderated the intention–behaviour relationship, such that those who responded to exercise more favourably exhibited stronger relationships between intentions and future exercise behaviourConclusionsWe conclude that exercise‐related increases in positive affect and tranquillity and decreases in feelings of fatigue can aid in the successful translation of exercise intentions

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X433267

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesRecent efforts in health psychology to bridge the gap between individuals' intentions and behaviour have centered on the influence of planning strategies. This study investigated the impact of two commonly used types of self‐regulatory planning in the prediction of health promoting behaviour.DesignThis study employed a prospective longitudinal design. Three measurements were implemented in order to assess associations between various socio‐cognitive determinants, planning, and health behaviour.MethodsStructural equation modelling (N=572) was used to compare the value ofpreparatory planning, i.e. the planning of strategies and preparatory actions towards a goal behaviour, andimplemental planning, i.e. the planning of when, where, and how to perform a goal behaviour, in the prediction of fruit consumption.ResultsBoth preparatory planning (ß=0.21;p<.001) and implemental planning (ß=0.13;p<.01) were significant predictors of fruit consumption, over and above the influence of motivational factors. Comparison of differences in explained variance (ΔR2) indicated that the contribution of preparatory planning was larger than that of implemental planning (z=2.19;p<.05). Implemental planning did not contribute to the prediction of fruit consumption over and above the influence of preparatory planning when tested simultaneously.ConclusionsThe results provide a first indication that the planning of strategic preparatory actions may be more influential in predicting health behaviour than implemental planning, focusing on when, where, and how to enact goal‐directed behaviour. Implications of the results and suggestions for future research are

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X436723

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectiveA school‐based vaccination programme to prevent infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), the virus that causes cervical cancer, began in October 2008 in England. The present study evaluated the role of temporal perspective in the formation of attitudes and intentions towards the vaccine.DesignA cross‐sectional correlational survey of 245 parents of 11–12‐year‐old girls.MethodsParents read a passage about the HPV vaccine containing information about benefits and concerns parents might have about the vaccine. They then completed a thought listing task and measures of attitude, vaccine efficacy, anticipated regret, intention, and consideration of future consequences.ResultsParents with higher consideration of future consequences generated more positive relative to negative thoughts, held more positive attitudes, higher response efficacy, reported higher anticipated regret about not vaccinating their daughters and held more positive intentions. Mediation analyses suggested that the influence of thoughts generated on intention to vaccinate was partially mediated by attitude, perceived vaccine efficacy, and anticipated regret if the vaccine were not taken up.ConclusionMessages emphasizing efficacy of vaccination and anticipated regret are likely to promote vaccinati

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X437092

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ObjectivesRecent trials have produced optimistic results for family‐focussed cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) in young people. This study sought to examine the under‐researched question of the views and experiences of patients and families who take part.DesignSemi‐structured interviews and qualitative analysis were chosen in order to address clients' perspectives in depth.MethodsSixteen young people and sixteen parents who participated in a trial of CBT versus psycho‐education (PE) for CFS were interviewed. Key themes were discerned using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsMost families had low expectations of a cure but hope for improvement. Generally speaking, participants found both CBT and PE acceptable and helpful. Behavioural aspects of CBT (e.g. goal‐setting, graded activity) were found helpful. The opportunity to gain support, recognition and validation was important. Cognitive elements of therapy were sometimes deemed inappropriate and some felt emotional aspects of CFS were not adequately addressed. Participants were ambivalent towards the extent of family involvement. Negative experiences related to the therapy setting and feeling inappropriately labeled. Most participants felt therapy was a stepping‐stone towards normal life, although many felt recovery was incomplete. Very few differences were found between themes from CBT and PE participants. A notable exception was that every young person who experienced CBT described therapy as helpful, whereas the participants who strongly opposed the therapy approach had all experienced PE.ConclusionsThe detailed insights regarding families' therapy experiences suggest areas of improvement for service delivery and topics for further in

ISSN:1359-107X    

DOI:10.1348/135910709X440034

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:2010

数据来源: WILEY