摘要:

The proximate composition and functional properties of the flours of three varieties of Lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus Linn.) were determined with and without hulls. The Lima beans were identified by colour as white, brown and dark brown. The percentage protein varied from 21.8 to 26.2 depending on the variety and whether the sample was dehulled. The ash and fat contents did not vary considerably while the fibre depended on variety and whether the sample was dehulled. The mineral analysis showed that zinc, calcium and potassium are more concentrated in the hull, phosphorus more so in the cotyledon while iron is evenly distributed in the hull and cotyledon. The least gelation concentrations for the beans were found to vary from 8% in the brown sample to 12% in the dark brown sample. The water absorption capacities varied from 130% for the white whole seed sample to 142% in the dark brown dehulled sample. The oil absorption capacities varied from 82% to 91.5% depending on whether the sample was dehulled or not. The bean flour formed a reasonably stable emulsion while foaming capacities varied from 22.9% to 29.1% and did not collapse completely until after 36h. The protein solubility of the three varieties showed minimum solubility at about pH 4 and 4.5 for whole and dehulled samples respectively.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027540

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The amino acids, fatty acids and mineral contents of pigeon pea were analysed. Amino acids analysis showed that the protein contained nutritionally useful quantities of most of the essential amino acids but was low in sulphur-containing amino acids. The total essential amino acids in the pigeon pea amounted to 43.61%. Linoleic and palmitic were the predominant fatty acids with values of 54.8 and 21.4% respectively in the oil sample. Caprylic, lauric, oleic and eicosenoic acids were present only in small quantities. The results also showed that potassium, magnesium and calcium were the most abundant minerals in the pigeon pea sample while it was significantly low in sodium.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027541

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Twelve Nigerian cowpea varieties were investigated for physical properties, iron contents and dialysable iron. The seed coat accounted for 5.8-11.4% of the weight of the seeds, leached solids 5.1-13.6%, swelling capacity 43.9-94.5% and the seed density ranged between 0.91-1.28g/cm3.There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the iron contents of the whole, peeled, cooked and soaked cowpea samples. While processing procedures such as seed coat removal did not significantly affect the dialysable iron, cooking of the beans led to significant increases in the diffusibility of iron. However, the addition of‘Kanwa’, an alkaline salt, lowered the dialysable iron significantly (P<0.05). The implications of these results on the diets of Nigerians in relation to iron nutrition are discussed.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027542

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The effects of fermentation of cassava on cyanide content were evaluated. Total cyanide decreased from 89ppmHCN to 18.1ppmHCN (80% reduction). Free cyanide decreased from 8.71ppmHCN to 6.22ppmHCN (29% reduction). The intermediate cyanide increased from 10.2ppmHCN to 12.31 ppm HCN (21% increase). The effects of storage of cassava augmented with exogenous acetone cyanohydrin and stored at 30°C was also investigated. Acetone cyanohydrin (intermediate cyanide) decreased on storage from 302.9 ppm HCN to 168.9 ppm HCN (44% reduction) within 16 days. Very little change in acetone cyanohydrin was observed in flour kept at 18°C (control). This investigation indicates that storage reduces the intermediate cyanide content of cassava flour which remains after fermentation.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027543

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Patients with diabetes are often recommended to use whole fruit rather than canned fruit or fruit juice because of a belief that the addition of sucrose to canned fruit and the removal of dietary fibre to make fruit juice may increase blood glucose responses. However, the glycaemic responses of few fruits and fruit products have been assessed in patients with diabetes. Therefore, we determined the glycaemic index (GI) values of ten fruits and fruit products in patients with diabetes, for comparison with the GI of white bread (100). The mean±s.e.m. GI values, with number of subjects in parentheses, were: pineapple juice, 66±3 (13); grapefruit juice, 69±5 (13); apple juice, 59±8 (6); canned peaches, 74±7 (11); canned pears, 63±6 (10); canned apricots, 91±6 (9); fruit cocktail, 79±5 (8); dried apricots, 46±7 (9); fresh oranges, 69±11 (10); and fresh pears, 58±7 (13). It is concluded that in patients with diabetes the glycaemic responses of various fruit products vary over a two-fold range. Most canned fruits and fruit juices tested had similar glycaemic responses to fresh fruits when equivalent amounts of carbohydrate were consumed.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027544

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Weaning foods must bridge the gap between breast-feeding and an‘adult' family diet. Infants aged 6-12 months are a major group of weaning food consumers. Their energy and protein requirements were used as a starting point to develop a strategy for the home or small-industrial scale manufacture of weaning foods. In addition such food must have an‘easy-to-swallow' consistency, and be microbiologically safe when consumed. On the other hand the level of anti-nutritional factors must be minimised. Ingredients must be locally available and acceptable. These would usually include a staple cereal or starchy tuber. The protein quantity and quality of the product can be optimised by adding legumes (beans, pulses) on the basis of their lysine content. Major problems to be solved include the bulkiness caused by starch gelatinisation and removal of the anti-nutritional factors which occur naturally in legumes. In addition, limited facilities for food preparation and storage allow contamination and rapid proliferation of micro-organisms which create risks of food-borne illness including diarrhoea. Several simple technologies are traditionally employed for the processing of cereals, tubers and legumes. These include roasting, germination and fermentation. Since these treatments have different effects on the quality characteristics of the final product, a combination of operations would therefore be a promising approach to optimise product quality at a minimum cost.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027545

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Selenium concentration and bioavailability were assessed in a common Mato Grosso urban regional diet (RUDMT), using 52 Wistar male weanling rats, weighing 56.2±1.4 g. Thirty-two rats were fed a casein diet that was free of selenium, vitamin E and methionine and contained anti-oxidant-free oil for a 30 day period in order to induce a selenium deficiency. The remaining rats were fed on a casein diet, forming control group I, with 0.10μg of selenium per gram of diet. After selenium deficiency had been established, 24 rats were divided into three groups which were fed on three different diets for 25 days: (i) RUDMT group, with 0.02μg of selenium per gram of diet; (ii) control group II, with 0.10μg of selenium per gram of diet; and (iii) pair-feeding group, with 0.04μg of selenium per gram of diet. During this latter period, the control group I without depletion continued to be fed on the casein diet with 0.10μg of selenium per gram of diet. Apparent selenium absorption, selenium concentration and the enzymatic activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GSH Px) in plasma, liver and kidney were determined in order to assess the selenium bioavailability. The RUDMT group showed low selenium bioavailability than the control groups. The low concentration of selenium and other components in the RUDMT diet might have contributed to this result.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027546

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A three-day weighed dietary survey of 182 randomly selected Sri Lankan pre-school children attending Sarvodaya nursery schools was undertaken in 1989. The survey was part of a larger study of the possible effect of leaf concentrate supplementation on child growth and morbidity. The children were from low income families. Intakes of energy, protein, calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, ascorbic acid and folic acid were calculated and compared to FAO/WHO recommended dietary allowances. The main dietary inadequacies were of zinc, niacin and vitamin A, and to a lesser extent, riboflavin, calcium and energy. Leaf concentrate supplementation may ameliorate deficits in vitamin A intake, and partly offset deficits in riboflavin and zinc intake. Alternative sources of vitamin A were widely available but were under-utilised. The main staple foods in this age group were rice, imported wheat and dried whole milk.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027547

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The plasma carnitine levels of four specified groups of South African adults were determined using a radio-isotopic assay. A significantly lower level of plasma carnitine was found for white females than for other groups.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489309027548

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1993

数据来源: Taylor