摘要:

The seeds of two popular Nigerian cultivars (Gero and Maiwa) of millet grains (Pennisetum americanum) used in the semi-arid region contained 1.38±0.3 and 1.43±0.1mg/100g of potential ionic cyanide. The grains of the same cultivars were sprouted for periods up to 96 h in the dark at 38d`C. After 96h sprouting, Maiwa had a higher cyanide content (1.82±0.1mg/100g) than Gero (1.33±0.1 mg/100g), relative to the weight of ungerminated dry millet grains. The lowest cyanide values for‘Gero’and‘Maiwa’occurred after 60 h and 72 h of sprouting, respectively. The consumption of millet sprouts may not be hazardous. The levels of cyanide detected in this study are safe and fall within the acceptable safe human limits (10–20 mg CN per 100 g sample or 0.5–0.8 mg/kg body weight).

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167011

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Studies on two varieties ofLeucaena leucocephala, K8 and K28, whole seeds and seed fractions (kernel and hull), revealed that it is primarily the seed kernel portion of the seed that is a potential source of protein. Trypsin inhibitors, amylase inhibitors and cyanogenetic glycosides were found to be absent, while urease activity, amylase activity, saponins and haemagglutinins were present in the seeds. Reduction in urease activity on heatingL. leucocephalaseeds could be taken as an index of the reduction in mimosine content, particularly when the seeds were given high temperature treatments (e.g. autoclaving).

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167012

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

It has been demonstrated that both aerobic and anaerobic oxidation of L-ascorbic acid occur in freshly-produced commercial orange juice in aseptically-filled TetraBrik cartons. The aerobic oxidation proceeds during the initial stage of the degradation process at a rate which is dependent on the L-ascorbic acid concentration, dissolved oxygen level and temperature. However, when the oxygen level reaches equilibrium, an anaerobic process follows at a much slower rate.Comparative studies on food additives, such as sodium metabisulphite, sodium tripolyphosphate, D-sorbitol and carboxymethyl cellulose, which may be used for extending the shelf-life of citrus juices, showed sodium metabisulphite to be the most effective. However, use of L-ascorbic acid derivatives is recommended.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167013

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The concentrations of selenium in the flesh of ten date cultivars collected from different regions of Saudi Arabia were analysed using an ultraviolet/ visible spectrophotometer. The amount of selenium was found to be in the range between 1.48 and 2.96μg/g in the ten varieties studied. The cultivar Sillaj from Al-Kharj (south-west region of Saudi Arabia) was found to contain the highest concentration of selenium (2.96μg/g). The lowest content of selenium (1.48μg/g) was observed in the cultivar Muneef from Riyadh region. The content of selenium in dates was compared with data for selenium content of other fruits, nuts and vegetables.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167014

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the process of preparation of protein isolate (LPI) fromLeucaena leucocephalaseed kernels (K28), the mimosine content was found to be reduced by 93%. The LPI was comparable to commercial soy protein isolate (SPI) with respect to gelation, oil and water absorption. With good foaming and emulsification ability the LPI was found to be a good substitute for egg in cakes and mayonnaise.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167015

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nutritional utilisation of legumes is of great interest because they contain important amounts of protein and other nutrients. Thus, feeding animals with peas (Pisum sativumL.) reduced growth performance and the relative contribution to body weight of liver (P<0.001), muscle (P<0.001) and spleen (P<0.01). The assessment of protein quality by conventional methods revealed that, as compared with casein as the control protein, those animals fed on the legume diet showed lower nitrogen retention (P<0.001), biological value (P<0.001), net protein utilisation (P<0.001) and protein digestibility (P<90.001). Finally, the measurement of hormonal dietary induced changes pointed out a reduction in the values of insulin (P<0.001), IGF-I (P<0.001), thyroxine (P<0.05) and corticosterone (P<0.001) in the legume fed animals as compared with controls. This response appears to reflect a metabolic adaptation to the diet, in which protein quality as well as some antinutritional factors, such as lectins, saponins, phytates, tannins, enzyme inhibitors, occurring in peas may be involved.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167016

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In four feeding trials with male Wistar rats the influences on serum cholesterol of several preparations of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) from sugar beet were determined. These include a commercial product called Beta-fibre, hot water insoluble and soluble sugar-beet NSP (both pectic and hemicellulosic fractions) and a commercially developed pectic-hemicellulosic sugar-beet NSP called Fibre N. Animals were fed basal diets, both low and high in cholesterol, and intake was limited tocirca80% ofad libitum. The influence of∼80 g NSP per kg basal diet administered for 28 days was compared with a cellulose control. In one feeding trial the basal low-cholesterol diet was made high in butter fat (230 g per kg). As withad libitumfed rats reported in the literature, the serum cholesterol concentration did not increase on increasing the saturated fat intake, but doubled when a mixture of cholesterol and cholic acid was added to the diet. Soluble NSP from sugar beet, but not insoluble NSP, was found to be mildly hypocholesterolaemic. The hypocholes-terolaemic effect with Fibre N in the high cholesterol diet was accompanied by a marked (54%) decrease in serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration and a maintained high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, whereas in the low-cholesterol diet the high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was decreased significantly and total cholesterol was unchanged. Hypocholesterolaemia with sugar-beet NSP did not depend on a decrease in the intake of food, but a change in feeding behaviour was observed. Information was also obtained on other factors which might affect the serum cholesterol concentration including the site of blood sampling, the fed—fasting state of the animals, inter-trial variation, and covariation between pre- and post- NSP treatment cholesterol concentrations.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167017

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In France there is little information on trace element intakes. The present work reports the average daily trace element intakes from French collectivity diets (Grenoble Hospital). Fourteen healthy adult men were enrolled in this trial. Foods and beverages consumed were collected daily for 5 consecutive days, using the duplicate diet technique. Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were determined in lyophilised daily samples by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas Se was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The average daily intakes were found to be 1.2±0.05 mg for Cu, 10.8±0.39 mg for Fe, 3.7±0.15 mg for Mn, 10.5±0.47 mg for Zn and 48±3μg for Se. The micronutrient densities were 0.12±0.005 mg/MJ (0.52±0.021 mg/1000kcal) for Cu, 1.12±0.045 mg/MJ (4.7±0.19 mg/1000kcal) for Fe, 0.39±0.017 mg/MJ (1.64±0.069 mg/1000kcal) for Mn, 1.10±0.049 mg/MJ (4.6±0.20 mg/1000 kcal) for Zn and 5.11±0.362μg/MJ (21.4±1.51μg/1000kcal) for Se. Expressed per kg body weight, daily intakes were found to be 16±0.7μg/kg/d for Cu, 0.14±0.005 mg/kg/d for Fe, 49±2.0μg/kg/d for Mn, 0.64±0.04μg/kg/d for Se and 0.14±0.006 mg/kg/d for Zn. These results were in agreement with previous studies in other countries, using the same method. Iron and manganese intakes appeared to be adequate, whereas the requirements recommended by the Food and Nutrition Board, National Academy of Sciences of the United States were not met for Cu, Zn and Se. The question of copper, zinc and selenium deficiencies because of a suboptimal intake and an increased requirement due to illness is raised.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167018

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The presence of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in starved Wistar rats given organosphosphorus pesticides (OP), methyl parathion [O,O-diethyl-O (p-ni-trophenyl)-phosphothioate] (MP) and monocrotophos [O,O-dimethyl-O (2-methyl-carbamoyl-1-methylvinyl) -phosphate](MCP) was investigated. The rats were starved for 4 days, and then exposed to a single dose of MP technical orally once at a dose of 0.06 mg/kg body weight, or to MCP technical orally once at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg body weight for a period of 24 h. Rats in the control group, with and without pesticide exposure, were also simultaneously studied. All animals were sacrificed on completion of 5th day of starvation, bone marrow cells were processed for chromosome analysis and mitotic indices. Starved rats presented elevated CA frequency compared to the control (untreated) group. The CA frequency was unaffected by the administration of MP but was accentuated by MCP treatment in starved rats. Further, all the three groups, starved and starved pesticide treated, recorded significantly low mitotic indices.

ISSN:0963-7486    

DOI:10.3109/09637489409167019

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1994

数据来源: Taylor