ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb01320.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb01321.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb01322.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports the results of a study to determine how well nonnative English speakers understand 14 English intonation signals that generally do not have written correlates.The 14 signals were recorded free of any verbal context, and played first to 25 native English speakers to determine if they understood them without the usual visual or verbal clues, and then to 42 foreign students to determine if there was a significant difference between them and the native speakers. The results indicated that our foreign students may be missing or misinterpreting much that native speakers communicate quite automatically with “nonlexical” signals.The paper discusses the signals, their meanings, and the errors that foreign students made. Each of the signals is shown in an appropriate context with a narrow phonetic description to help anyone desiring to learn or teach the meanings conveyed by this part of English phonology. Related studies and possible avenues for future research are no

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1983.tb00984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb01323.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

First language acquisition studies reveal that children overextend theminimal distance principle(MDP) during their acquisition of infinitive complement structures. The MDP dictates the interpretation of the logical subject of the infinitive in these structures and overrides marked lexical features such assubject control.Misinterpretations by adult second language learners and by adult prelingually deaf individuals are also shown to result from an overextension of the MDP. On a comprehension test of specific sentences, the relative order of difficulty in interpreting the logical subject of the infinitive is similar for both groups. This order reflects the same order of difficulty on sentences containingtell, ask, andpromisewhich has been reported in the literature on first language acquisition. The later acquisition of certain structures is explained in terms of the inherent linguistic complexity of the sentences.

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1983.tb00985.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb01324.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports the findings of a study of the acquisition of relative clauses in Chinese, Japanese, Persian, German, and Portuguese by first and second year students of these languages with English as their first language. Various structures were tested with the aim of separating the features of interlanguage which may be attributed to first language interference from those which may be explained as being universal to second language acquisition. Among these structures were use of resumptive pronouns in the relative clause, deletion of relativizers, stranding of prepositions, deletion of prepositions, and piedpiping structures. In line with the work of Gass and Ard (1980) and Hyltenstam (1981), the present paper examines the explanatory value of the accessibility hierarchy of Keenan and Comrie (1977) as applied to the ease or difficulty of the acquisition of relativization of various syntactic types, and expands this study by including data from the acquisition of relative clause types not examined in previous works. Also tested were structures involving different strategies for the parsing and recognition of relative clauses, in order to determine which are employed most frequently and most successfully by second language learners, and structures with correct and incorrect deletion of prepositions, in order to see whether the loss of information involved would be a constraining factor.

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1983.tb00986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb01325.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb01326.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY