摘要:

Whichever theoretical position one holds regarding the problem of non‐standard dialects, it is clear that productive competence of standard formal composition style is a mandatory skill for anyone who wishes to obtain a university degree in this country. An outline is given of a rationale for choosing a bidialectal approach for teaching composition to users of non‐standard dialects including a description of the approach, the assumptions, and the class objectives.A description is then given of some of the methods, (e.g., contrastive analysis and the study of dialects and registers) and classroom techniques (e.g., lectures, discussions, exercises) which were used to achieve the objectives. The discussion includes an evaluation of the success of each technique, and concludes with an informal evaluation of the total experimental prog

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an investigation of the assumption that children judge sound similarities in the same manner as adults, we studied the salience of particular vocalic and consonantal features in judgments of phonetic similarities by children in grades K‐2 and by adults. The task required a judgment concerning which of two real words “sounds more like” a third, nonce, word. A modified design was used with the younger children. The results indicate that children can make consistent overt judgments of sound similarity, and that their judgments differ from those of adults. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are disc

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Speech samples were obtained from Mexican‐American children who attended a monolingual school (N = 67) and Mexican‐American children who attended a bilingual school (N = 59) in the same school district. The children were asked to tell the story of a silent movie they had watched immediately before being interviewed. Their answers were recorded on tape and transcribed. Deviations from standard English were counted and categorized. The main findings of the study were (a) that the causes of deviations from standard English appeared to include the expected interference of Spanish as well as the improper application of standard English rules and the influence of nonstandard English dialects, and (b) that children in the bilingual school did not differ significantly from those in the monolingual school with respect to frequency of deviations from standard Engl

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

New evidence is presented that modifies Lenneberg's (1967) proposed critical period of language acquisition. The development of lateralization is complete much earlier than puberty and is thus not a barrier to accent free second language learning by adults. Rather, the development of lateralization may correspond to normal first language acquisition. Also, the case of Genie, a girl who endured 11 years of enforced isolation, shows that some first language acquisition is possible after the critical period, although mechanisms outside of the left hemisphere may be involved. Genie's slow but steady progress also implies that adult achievement in learning second languages should not be pre‐judge

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The writer questions two tendencies found in many language‐teaching programmes today and relates them to observed deficiencies in modern language‐teaching methods: 1) emphasizing the surface elements of language to the neglect of its “deep structure” or meaning; 2) treating the graphic processes of reading and writing as inherently dependent on the corresponding audial ones, independent of meaning. (“Meaning” is explained not as a semantic reference eventually attached to already‐formed sound sequences, but as the relating of spoken or written utterances to one's whole cognitive structure or experience.) The first tendency accounts for the failure of contrastive analysis and avoidance of native‐language use to handle the so‐called “interference” problem. The second retards the assimilation of all skills by replacing the student's normal meaning‐oriented learning mechanism by a system based on the artificial primacy of one form of surface structure over the other. As the writer admits, the article serves only to suggest some new directions for exploration. The question of specific application to language‐teaching methods is left

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred twenty‐three Thai graduate students in Education studying on a one‐year program at The University of Alberta, Canada, completed two administrations of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), after arrival in Canada. TOEFL scores, both total and subtest, together with interview panel ratings obtained in Thailand, were correlated with final grade‐point averages earned in the Alberta program, in an attempt to find the best predictor of academic success. Differing “best” predictors were found in each of the four years of the study. None displayed a high degree of predictive power. The study provided support for the operating of a Summer Language Program for this group of foreign students at a Canadian university. It also supported continued use of objective‐type language tests as a selection device for foreign students, and demonstrated a need for further experimentation with the use of interview panels as a selectio

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Data from a wide variety of sources are cited in support of the cloze technique as a global measure of language proficiency. Cloze tests as measures of readability, reading comprehension, quality of translations, pragmatic expectancies due to textual illustrations, attitudes, and ethno‐linguistic background are discussed. In second language applications of the cloze procedure the effects of variations in difficulty, scoring methods, and the language used are considered. Analyses of response types and frequencies are examined. Correlations with external criteria and other theoretical considerations suggest that short term memory constraints are invoked by the cloze procedure. It is argued that such constraints are limitations oncompetencerather than mereperformance.It is claimed that cloze tests tap this underlying competenc

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviewed in this article:ATTITUDES AND MOTIVATION IN SECOND‐LANGUAGE LEARNING, by R. C. Gardner and W. E. LambertSOCIOLINGUISTICS: A BRIEF INTRODUCTION, by Joshua A. Fish‐man.LINGUISTICS, by David Crys

ISSN:0023-8333    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-1770.1973.tb00103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY