ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00219.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Proponents of intravenous filters claim that they remove bacterial contaminants, particulate matter, air emboli and reduce the incidence of phlebitis.•From unstructured observation by the author at a large general hospital not using filters it was concluded that the incidence of complications was no greater than at a hospital having a policy for using these filters. Despite the introduction of a filter that claims to retain endotoxin for up to 96 h, filters are still misused, over used or unused in different departments of the same hospital.•This paper examines the literature that supports and criticizes the advantages and disadvantages of using such filters. The research is reviewed to ascertain whether the widespread use of filters is justified and whether they effectively reduce or prevent the complications of intravenous therapy. The paper reviews the causes and incidence of complications of intravenous therapy and alternative methods used for reducing these complications. The evidence shows conflicting results and argues that complications are inevitable despite the use of filters or careful medical action.•The manufacturer's claims are supported by a plethora of literature but discrepancies are evident and the author remains unconvinced of their widespread use in today's fragile economic climate when the cost of treating the adverse effects of intravenous therapy is con

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00220.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate on issues related to the reliability and validity of measurement of challenging behaviour (behavioural difficulties) in learning disability. A number of practical, theoretical and methodological issues are discussed that have significance for the nurse both as practitioner and/or researcher in learning disability. These issues are equally important to both provider and purchaser of health care in order that resources can be most effectively targeted.•The term ‘challenging behaviour’ would appear to be used both in literature and research synonymously with behavioural difficulties, this has implications for nurses in both their clinical practice and/or research. The author concludes by identifying a need to replace the term challenging behaviour, with ‘behavioural difficulties’. It is argued that such a term is much more explicit in meaning and amenable to operational definition, thus enabling empirical study. Such a proposal will not be accepted by all as justifiable; this is because some might argue that adopting the term behavioural difficulties may be a retrograde step that perpetuates negative imagery and inappropriate labelling of people with a learning

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00221.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Emergency nurse practitioners (ENPs) formally developed in accident and emergency (A&E) departments as a direct response to waiting times for the walking wounded, the need to reduce junior doctors hours and changes in nursing practice.•ENPs existed informally for many years in minor injuries units and specialist ophthalmic departments.•This study aimed to examine whether or not the role of ENP could be applied to the specialist service of a paediatric casualty department.•The results showed that 3% of patients could be seen and treated to conclusion by a children's ENP, and some patients could have their care accelerated by a children's ENP.•The introduction of children's ENPs would have an impact on waiting times, junior doctors work‐load and the quality of p

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00222.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•A programme for the assessment and nursing diagnoses of eating difficulties among stroke patients was tested. The patients' experiences regarding eating were expressed in interviews and dialogues. Eating was observed during both a test meal and regular meals.•The assessments included the prerequisites for eating as well as oral, pharyngeal and oesophageal functions.•General and specific nursing diagnoses as well as life consequences (handicap) were established, based on assessment of disabilities and impairments, and interviewing the patients and their families, respectively. The general nursing diagnoses were formulated on admission after the test meal and these were reformulated to form specific nursing diagnoses after assessments of the functions.•The programme presented proved to be useful in clinical practice. It is emphasized that many assessments must be co‐ordinated for each i

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00223.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•Part 1 of this article discussed the process of evaluating patient satisfaction by means of unstructured, in‐depth interviews.•In this part, the content of interviews will be presented and the analytic domains derived from the research will be described.•These are ‘nursing’, ‘the hospital’ and ‘patients’ concerns', and the categories which make up these domain

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00224.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•This review is based on findings from a postal survey undertaken between March and September 1993 to elicit information from nurses in four district health authorities regarding development and research activity in which they were involved.•The objectives of the review were to obtain baseline information on the extent, variety and scope of work being carried out, to provide staff with a mechanism for networking good practice and to identify any areas of replication.•A snowball sampling technique was used to obtain information from nursing personnel. A total of 141 responses were received out of which 4% (n= 5) reported no activity. Response rates varied between organizations and specialist groups but were similar in terms of the number of small‐scale clinical practice developments undertaken without identified support or supervision.•Fifty‐five per cent (n= 75) of the reported developments related to the organization and management of services while 11% (n= 15) focused on consumer‐related issues. Few studies identified dissemination strategies and there was generally a lack of clarity over expected benefits of the study in terms of measurable outcomes to the organization, nursing staff or patients. Funding for clinical practice development and research in nursing was found to be very sparse; the reasons for this were not identified.•Overall the review confirmed statements from other sources (DoH, 1993a,b) that nursing development and research tends to be small scale and unsupported with nursing staff trying hard to implement research findings or be innovative in their practice without the necessary expertise and support. Such findings have implications for the current drive to implement researc

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00225.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary•This paper explains the early planning stage of a study commissioned by the English National Board which will investigate the changing educational needs of community nurses with regard to needs assessment and quality of care in the context of the NHS and Community Care Act 1990.•Two focus groups, comprising 22 participants altogether, generated data which were used to augment and clarify issues explored in an initial literature review. Some of the methodological issues are explained.•Traditional community nursing approaches to needs assessment appeared to value process and integration, while the new legislation emphasizes the separate‐ness of assessment; there is a danger that it may be seen as a single event. The consumer views were both supportive and critical about each of the approaches; some important insights were gained, and a confident basis from which to launch the study identified.•The approach offers one possible way to clarify the starting point of a project when carrying out a standard literature review seems insufficient. This may occur with under‐researched or rapidly changing phenomena, or if a field of interest is the subject of multiple interpretations or lack o

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00226.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed in this article:The A‐Z Reference Book of Childhood Conditionsby P. Gilbert.Exploring Physiology: An Interactive Workbook for Nursesby C. J. Goodhall.Urological Nursing. Edited by Clive Laker.Pain: Management and Nursing Care. Edited by D. Carroll and D. Bowsher.Systematic Reviews. Edited by Iain Chalmers and Douglas G. Altman.Proposals that Work: a Guide for Planning Dissertations and Grant Proposals, 3rd edition. Edited by L. F. Locke, W. W. Spirduso and S. J. Silverma

ISSN:0962-1067    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2702.1996.tb00227.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY