摘要:

Tonic and accommodative vergence disorders of binocular vision are analyzed with separate methods. The center of symmetry and the associated phoria of forced duction fixation disparity curves are two criteria used for prismatic correction of tonic vergence disorders. The associated phoria is corrected physiologically when patients who have tonic disorders are able to develop prism adaptation with orthoptic exercises. Graphical methods are used to analyze accommodative disorders resulting from mutual interactions between accommodation and convergence. Graphic analysis illustrates that patients with high AC/A ratios have greater demands upon fusional divergence than other patients with similar ocular deviations who have normal or low AC/A ratios. Prism adaptation, which has no direct influence upon the open-loop accommodative response, replaces corrective fusional vergence innervation and thereby eliminates the main stimulus to convergence accommodation and its exaggeration of accommodative convergence. Because prism adaptation has a response time of 15 to 30 sec, abnormal accommodative convergence interactions exaggerated by convergence accommodation can be transient in patients with normal prism adaptation. Accommodative convergence disorders in patients who lack prism adaptation are classified as sustained. Orthoptic exercises which develop fast fusional vergence are recommended for the transient disorders and additional exercises to develop prism adaptation are recommended for the sustained disorders of accommodative vergence interactions.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

For 1 year we monitored the stability of the accommodative state assumed in darkness (the dark focus) of five subjects. Our results are similar to previously reported individual mean values. The magnitude and pattern of the variability in the dark-focus also demonstrate individual differences. Despite this individual variability, all five subjects oscillated around a stable mean dark-focus value throughout their respective measurement periods. This study indicates the feasibility of using the dark-focus as a basis for correcting the anomalous myopias, in particular night and empty-field myopia.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The distribution of cylindrical refractive error (right eye only) is presented for 957 persons, comprising approximately 80% of the population (aged 5 years and over) of three western Newfoundland communities. In 72% of males and 60% of females no cylindrical error was found; 12% of males and 19% of females had errors greater than 0.5 D. Cylindrical errors of 2 D or greater were found in 2.5% of females but only 0.5% of males, affecting females of all ages but males aged less than 15 years only. Persons aged 45 years and up had fewer cylindrical errors, more against-the-rule and less with-the-rule astigmatism than persons below that age. Cylindrical error and spherical error, and in particular against-the-rule error and myopia, commonly occurred together. Among persons aged 5 to 14 years an association of with-the-rule error with nearwork is suggested.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The correlations between seven methods of measuring the angle of deviation were assessed in two groups of subjects. Group 1 consisted of 343 subjects with normal binocular vision. Group 2 was made up of 18 subjects with strabismus. The correlation coefficients (r) between various testing procedures varied significantly in the two groups. Group 1 could be separated into three levels of correlation and group 2 could be separated into two levels of correlation based on the 95% confidence limits of the correlation coefficients. Significant differences also could be demonstrated in the average measured values of the angle of deviation of group 1, while the second group was indistinguishable at the 5% significance level using a one-way analysis of variance procedure. These data are briefly discussed in light of their clinical implications.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The extent of unused capacity to provide eye-care services appears to be related to the age of the practitioner, the number of patient services provided per week, and the waiting period for an appointment. Total estimated and computed potential capacities are reported.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The visual performance of nine rod monochromats was measured with photopic stimuli viewed through filters that attenuated the ambient illuminance. In kinetic perimetry experiments, eight of nine patients showed substantially larger visual field size under the experimental as compared to the control conditions. In increment threshold or brightness-matching experiments, long wavelength sensitivity was shown to be enhanced under the experimental conditions.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1983

数据来源: OVID