摘要:

A computer-assisted subjective eye examination was administered to 78 patients as they volunteered. They were also examined in the conventional, manual way, some before and some after the computer-assisted examination. Results of the computer-assisted examination were compared to those obtained by conventional subjective methods. For the distance prescription, satisfactory agreement was obtained for 83% of the patients. The 17% unsatisfactory prescriptions were subdivided into about 6% avoidable errors (caused by errors in software, hardware, or optometric flow charts), about 6% errors of undetermined cause, and 4% fundamental errors (caused by patient's physical and mental impairment or confusion). A similar analysis is made for the near add. With further development of the system it is expected that between 90 and 96% of patients in an optometric clinic can be successfully examined by this computer-assisted method.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A case report of a 22-year-old patient with accommodative paralysis is presented including (1) the five-year history beginning with infectious mononucleosis; (2) recent clinical examination showing accommodative paralysis and reduced pupillary responses to light and near; (3) objective recordings confirming both the absence of any accommodation and the presence of pupillary responses to monocular and binocular near stimuli and to light, the latter with pupillary escape; and finally (4) neuropharmacological tests showing 7-diopter accommodative responses to pilocarpine (an acetylcholine substitute acting directly on the ciliary muscle receptor sites) and absent responses to demecarium bromide (a cholinesterase blocking agent which potentiates neurally released acetylcholine). Infectious mononucleosis includes ocular signs and symptoms. In young persons with accommodative difficulties, infectious mononucleosis should be suspected.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo determine the effect of peripherally fenestrated contact lenses on central corneal edema, 6 subjects (12 eyes) wore steeply fitted lenses of identical dimensions but with various numbers ofO.l-mm diameter peripheral fenestrations for 3-hr periods. At the end of the wearing periods, thickening, steepening, and central clouding of the cornea were generally reduced as the number of fenestrations was increased. However, 20 fenestrations were required before the edema was reduced to a clinically acceptable level.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In a sample of 212 eyes of patients referred to an ocular pathology clinic, measures of intraocular pressure (IOP) using the non-contact tonometer (NCT) and the Mackay-Marg tonometer were highly correlated (+0.91), the NCT measures being lower by an average of 6.5 mm Hg. In a general optometry clinic, the mean IOP as measured with the NCT on 987 eyes of patients, ages 7 to 85 years, was 15.7 mm Hg (S.D. = 3.5 mm Hg). Stability of IOP was age, found for this sample, is unexpected if IOP is proportional to systemic blood pressure which rises with age. Several hypotheses propose to explain the apparent inconsistency.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The first report published on the use of bioptic telescopic spectacles (BTS) by low-vision drivers was the paper by Korb1in 1970. Korb reported that over a 6-year period, 128 patients wearing BTS had a lower accident rate than the general deriver population. In 1972, Vies2reported on 26 low-vision patients rehabilitated for driving through the use of BTS, and he presented the results of a written questionnaire submitted to his patients. Kelleheret al.3reported the experiences of the first person to receive a license to drive using BTS in California, and Levin and Kelleher4reported on 6 more patients fitted with BTS for driving. Kelleher5and Jose6have reported on training procedures for BTS drivers.My first experience with a patient who used-BTS while driving dates back 18 years. The patient, Commodore R. B., aged 68, had been fitted with a ×2.2 BTS, which improved his distance acuity from 20/100 to 20/30. When this patient had had 20/100 vision, he had retained his driver's license and had continued to drive; after being fitted with the BTS he started, on his own, to use it for driving. I learned of this in a routine follow-up visit, in which he reported that his driving ability and confidence in driving were greatly improved when wearing the BTS. He could navigate easily, read signs, and see details more clearly.Commodore R. B.'s report encouraged me to try to rehabilitate other low-vision patients by having them drive with BTS. Slowly, I fitted a few patients each year, so that now I am able to report on a group of 300 such patients fitted in the last 18 years. During this time I developed additional BTS systems. The new telescopic units were the ×3.0 standard, ×4.0 standard, ×2.2 wide angle, and ×3.0 wide angle. These new systems allowed low-vision patients whose corrected spectacle acuity was as low as 20/200 to attain the standard 20/40 required by most licensing authorities. The wide-angle BTS systems also extended the range of patients who can be helped.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A kitten with a unilateral, congenital coloboma of the iris was raised in a normal environment and sacrificed at 6 months of age. Selective atrophy of the laminae innervated by the afflicted eye was seen in Nissl-stained sections taken through the lateral geniculate. The result suggests that image degradation is more important than luminance reduction in causing selective changes in the visual pathway.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In 1971, Walters hypothesized that Bartley's brightness enhancement, the Broca-Sülzer phenomenon, and the desaturation of intermittent trains of short-wavelength monochromatic light (the Ball effect) were all the result ofscotopic involvement at photopic levels. In support of this hypothesis, ERG data were presented showing the presence of a scotopic B-wave under conditions which normally did not produce them. In the present paper, data are presented from two patients with retinitis pigmentosa that seem to contradict Walters' hypothesis and to suggest the possibility of a more complex mechanism.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cancer of the eye is the only ocular disease which directly threatens life. The average annual incidence rate (new cases) in the U. S. is about 1/100,000 population and the estimated prevalence rate (total cases) is about 12/100,000 population. With few exceptions, eye cancer occurs more frequently in whites than in blacks and more often in older than in younger people. The survival rate for persons with localized ocular tumors receiving early treatment is almost 80%. This statistic indicates the importance of optometric detection of this uncommon disease.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe application of spectral sensitivity measurements to clinical problems has been limited by the complexity of calculating the corrections for nonlinearity and non-neutrality of the neutral wedge and for the quantum intensity of the test beam. A simple electronic system is described which performs all these calculations automatically, as the subject makes the sensitivity setting, and records the sensitivity on an XYplotter. A range of 5 log units is covered with an accuracy of 0.05 log units.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A simple, stable, and relatively calibration-free eye movement recording system for clinical application is described. This limbal sensing device makes use of a standard trial-lens clip that can be attached to the patienfs spectacles, allowing easy and quick addition of lens or prism power. Horizontal eye movements or positions can be recorded with an accuracy of better than 1 degree over a 50-degree range; the linear range of the device is approximately 30 degrees.

ISSN:0093-7002    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1977

数据来源: OVID