ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00394.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Swiftness of punishment for drivers impaired by alcohol is likely to be increased objectively by administrative license revocation laws. These laws provide that a driver who fails or refuses a breath‐alcohol test has his license confiscated on the spot by police, with formal loss of driving privileges following shortly thereafter. This study of New Mexico law looks for evidence of a deterrent impact of administrative license revocation. Interrupted time‐series analysis finds a permanent drop in the proportion of driver and pedestrian fatalities involving the presence of alcohol precisely at the time that the law went into effect. However, lack of publicity for the law and the existence of a complex procedure, unpopular with many police, appear to have diminished the law's effectiven

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00395.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of the 1983 British seat belt law in England and Wales. The methodology employed is interrupted time series analysis.In terms of a lasting impact, the seat belt legislation for automobiles compares favorably with other interventions designed to decrease deaths and injuries on the road, such as legislation to control drinking and driving. Typically, such legislation is effective only in the short term. In contrast, the seat belt law thus far shows a stronger and more lasting shift in the reduction of serious and fatal car casualties. The post intervention decline in this variable is stronger than a control series that consists of the number of fatal and serious non‐car casualties. A more marginal reduction is found for non‐serious car casualties even though this drop in injuries is slightly stronger than a control category of nonserious non‐car casualties. The paper suggests also that the seat belt legislation may have had a short term effect on the number of fatal and serious accidents on weekend nights, the period of time during which alcohol‐related crashes are most likely to occur.The policy implications of this study suggest that with comparable compliance, such an intervention may similarly be effective in the United States and other Western countries which up to now have used primarily deterrence‐based approaches to reduce highway c

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00396.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper focuses on the passage and enforcement of laws regulating the corporate sector, specifying patterns which seem to emerge from this literature in the major English speaking democracies.The creation of regulatory laws, the typical resistance by the industry and the state, and the crucial role of crises in the successful passage of laws are examined first. The patterns which law enforcement follows, and the key role of the regulatory agency in shaping these, are delineated next. The theoretical implications of these empirically based generalizations are then set out.The author argues that neither the pluralist nor the mainstream Marxist analyses adequately explain the very real progress that has occurred over the past 400 years in containing corporate crime, because it has happened largely in spite of rather than because of laws and regulatory activity. Real reform resulted because ongoing struggles forged a change at the ideological level, and this in turn led to improvements at the level of production. By raising the price of legitimacy for corporations in a particular nation‐state, prolaterian groups and their allies can create the conditions for change. Law and regulatory agencies have been of secondary importance, it is argued, in the struggle to restrain the predatory behavior of the corporate secto

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The continuing debate over an activist judiciary frequently overlooks the issue whether majoritarian institutions such as Congress can be the principal policy makers for a democracy as well as whether they ought to be. An explicit comparison of the institutional capacities of the Congress and federal courts on abortion funding suggests that Congress is capable of developing representative, responsible, and educative policies. However, a retreat by the “Imperial Judiciary” from an activist posture would not necessarily transfer power from the courts to the Congress but from the courts to unelected bureaucracies within the Congress and the Preside

ISSN:0265-8240    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9930.1987.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY