摘要:

SUMMARYWhen the abnormality of a skin response to sunlight is expressed in terms of a decreased minimum erythemal dose (MED) on photo‐testing, it is essential to know the range of response in normal skin. In any homogeneous population, the statistical distribution of the MED is skewed and is not Gaussian (normal), but a Gaussian distribution tan be fitted to the logarithm of the MED. Using established methods of probit analysis, such ‘lognormal’ distributions have been fitted to the observed proportions of erythemal responses to a series of test exposure doses of UV radiation (250–365 nm), thus providing estimates of the average log MED for normal skin, the standard deviations of the distributions and associated confidence limits. These estimates, in arithmetical terms, are available for quantitative comparison with the results of other test exposures on skin which may be a

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04572.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe transmission of optical radiation in the wavelength range 300–600 nm through thirteen human toenails obtained at autopsy was examined. The total transmitted radiation at fifteen different wavelengths was measured using an irradiation monochromator in conjunction with an integrating sphere and photodiode. A correction was included for fluorescence radiation from the nails.The nails exhibited decreasing transmission of optical radiation in the wavelength region 600–300 nm. These findings may be helpful in the understanding of photo‐onycholytic reactions and in the design of suitable regimens for the treatment of psoriatic nail ch

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYInhibition by sunscreens of UV‐A‐induced epidermal ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity in 8‐methoxypsoralen‐treated mice was used to examine the UV‐A sunscreen activity of two commercial preparations, Uval® (para‐aminobenzoic acid) and PreSun® (a benzophenone derivative). Both gave significant protection against UV‐A doses of up to 3 J/cm2and Uval® was more effective that PreSun® in the UV‐A range. At intermediate doses (5–15 J/cm2) neither Uval® nor PreSun® significantly altered the ODC response to UV‐A. At doses of 20–40 J/cm2UV‐A, control and PreSun®‐treated animals showed a decline in ODC activity which histological studies suggested was due to severe epidermal damage. This decline in ODC activity and severe epidermal damage was not seen in Uval® ‐treated animals. Topical zinc oxide was highly effective in preventing induction of ODC by UV‐A irradiation at doses up to 40 J/cm2, and was significantly more e

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe hairless mouse screening model for antipsoriatic drugs was improved by investigating the effects of critical variables on the rate of ultraviolet light‐induced epidermal DNA synthesis. The variables investigated were diurnal variation, ultraviolet light dose, time course and ambient temperature. From these studies a set of experimental conditions was developed that resulted in the lowest rate of DNA synthesis in non‐irradiated epidermis and the highest rate in irradiated epidermis, thereby significantly increasing the power of the as

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThein vitroformation of fibrin microclots in blood from patients with psoriasis was studied before, during and after treatment. When a bacterial lipopolysaccharide was added to the blood, the microclot test was positive in o% of controls, in 17% of the patients with untreated slight psoriasis and in 100% of those with severe psoriasis. A positive test without added lipopolysaccharide indicates the presence of circulating endotoxins. It was negative in all patients with slight psoriasis but positive in 75% of those with a severe form.During treatment the microclots decreased concurrently with clinical improvement in 79% of the patients. After treatment, eleven patients still had a positive test and nine of these patients showed a relapse within 1‐2 months. Warfarin treatment rapidly inhibited microclot formation but this had little or no effect on the psoriatic lesions. High doses of potent corticosteroids under occlusion inhibited microclot formation for some hours.It seems likely that there may be a release of endotoxins in severe psoriasis which is decreased during successful treatmen

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe specific activity of plasminogen activator was increased in clinically involved psoriatic epidermis compared with the uninvolved skin of the same eight patients. Alterations in plasminogen activator activity correlated with disease activity as measured by extent of body surface involved with psoriasis. Levels of plasminogen activator increased in uninvolved epidermis of psoriatic patients during retinoid therapy.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYEpidermal cell migratory activity and epidermal cell proliferation are clearly dissociable in explant culture. Epidermal cell migration requires a non‐dialysable, 65,000 mol.wt factor which is destroyed at 100 C but is stable at 80 C for at least 30 min. In the presence of dialysed serum or heated serum (80° C for 30 min) or DNA synthesis inhibitors (methotrexate or hydroxyurea), cells will migrate from the explant but will not proliferate. At least two factors are required for normal proliferation under these restricted conditions—an adequate supply of DNA precursers, i.e. nucleosides, and a heat labile (80° C) non‐dialysable serum component.Methotrexate in concentrations of 1.0 μg/ml or greater added to cultures in normal fetal calf serum significantly inhibited mitoses; however, when added to serum dialysed to remove thymidine, mitotic inhibition occurred at a concentration of 0.1 μg/ml of methotrexate and when added to dialysed serum and kept in dialysed serum, inhibition occurred with 0.01 μg/ml of methotrexate. Methotrexate did not inhibit outgrowth. Hydroxyurea also inhibited mitoses but did not effect

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYGuinea‐pigs, previously sensitized to dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), were exposed to varying doses of UV‐C radiation (254 nm) on one of the flanks for a period of 15 days. They were then patch‐tested with DNCB immediately after UV treatment. The responses to DNCB were diminished both in the irradiated and non‐irradiated skin compared with control animals which had not received UV‐C radiation. This effect was dose dependent and could only be demonstrated for a limited period of time. Guinea‐pigs exposed to UV‐C radiation did not show a decreased response to sodium lauryl suphate, which is a potent irritant. The influence of UV‐C on delayed hypersensitivity therefore seems to be an immun

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYClass‐specific antibodies (IgG, IgA and IgM) againstCandida albicans, Pityrosporum orbiculareandTrichophyton rubrumwere measured in the serum from twenty‐one young subjects (aged 23–44) and twenty elderly subjects (aged 70‐88) who did not have a history of significant superficial fungal infections. We found that (a) antibody to all three organisms was present in all subjects in both groups, (b) except for a reduced level of IgM antibody againstP. orbicular, the elderly subjects demonstrated humoral responses in these assays similar to those of the young subjects, (c) IgA antibody was present in higher amounts againstC. albicansthan againstP. orbiculareorT. rubrumin both groups, and (d) the proportion of IgM antibody againstT. rubrumwas higher than that against the other two organisms. These findings suggest that the ecology of these three organisms with respect to the normal human host may be reflected in the serological responses agai

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAlkaline phosphatase was used in an immuno‐enzymatic procedure to detect tissue‐bound and circulating antibodies in pemphigus vulgaris. Pemphigus antibodies were revealed by a direct method using alkaline phosphatase conjugated goat anti‐human IgG. Cryostat sections were incubated with the specific antiserum, and alkaline phosphatase activity was then revealed histochemically either by Gomori's technique or by the azo dye method. The sections were examined by light microscopy and intercellular staining was demonstrated in the epidermis. The indirect method, in which the patient's serum was incubated with sections of normal skin, gave similar results. Using parallel sections, an immunofluorescent technique was used to demonstrate tissue‐bound and circulating antibodies. The alkaline phosphatase method appeared to be slightly less sensitive than the immunofluorescent

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1983.tb04581.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY