摘要:

SummaryProtein contact dermatitis is a dermatosis which usually presents as a chronic eczema with episodic acute exacerbations a few minutes after contact with the offending allergen. Patch tests with the responsible allergen are usually negative, and the diagnosis can only be made by means of scratch or prick tests with the allergen. Sometimes, specific IgE antibodies can be detected in the blood. As there is considerable confusion about this entity, we have reviewed the cases reported in the literature.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe histogenesis of mammary Paget's disease (MPD) and extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) cells remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate MPD and EMPD immunohistochemically with antibodies to some tumour markers (Ca 15‐3, KA‐93 and Ca 19‐9), and a cell surface receptor for hyaluronate (CD44), as these have been shown to be expressed in normal eccrine or apocrine glands and/or the epidermis, as well as some tumours. Surgically excised, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues, or frozen tissues, from seven mammary, five vulvar, two scrolal and two axillary lesions were studied.Paget cells stained strongly with antibodies to Ca 15‐3 and KA‐93, but did not stain with those to Ca 19‐9 and CD44. Staining with the antibody to Ca 15‐3 was also observed in the ductal and secretory portions of the eccrine and apocrine glands, and in the sebaceous gland cells. Staining with the antibody to KA‐93 was also seen in the apocrine secretory coils, lactiferous duct, epidermal dendritic cells, and cells in the dermal inflammatory infiltrate. Staining with the antibody to Ca 19‐9 was observed only in the eccrine duct, and that to CD44 was seen in eccrine secretory cells and epidermal keratinocytes.These findings suggest that the origin of Paget cells may be the secretory cells of apocrine sweat glands (in EMPD) or the luminal lactiferous ducts (in MPD). We found that the antibodies to Ca 15‐3 and CD44 were useful in differentiating Paget cells from surrounding keratinocytes, by showing positive and negative immunor

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDrug metabolizing enzymes, particularly those involved in the metabolism of carcinogenic chemicals, were characterized in cultured human keratinocytes. Using immunoblotting experiments, we analysed the expression of phase I enzymes, cytochrome P4501A1 (CYP1A1) and NADPH reductase, and phase II enzymes, phenol UDP‐glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and glutathione S‐transferase (GST) isoform pi, in the presence of either classical inducers (i.e. 3‐methyicholanthrene, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, phenobarbital. and clofibrate) or all‐transretinoic acid (RA). This study has shown that the expression of CYP1A1 and UGT is concomitantly induced by 3‐methyIcholanthrene, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene, and RA, and that of NADPH reductase is only enhanced by phenobarbital and RA. In contrast, the expression of GST pi was not affected by the inducers. Using the reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction, we have demonstrated that the effects of 3‐methylcholanthrene, dimethylbenz[a]anthracene and RA on CYP1A1 expression correlate with an increase of CYP1A1 mRNA level. Our results indicate that, with the exception of clolibrate, xenobiotics and RA differentially modulate the expression of drug metabol

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe examined peripheral blood mononuclear leucocyte cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP‐PDE) activity in 80 children (aged 2‐12 years) with atopic dermatitis. The enzyme activity (35.1 ± 18.6U) in children with atopic dermatitis was significantly higher than that (19.1 ± 12.6U) in age‐matched non‐atopic controls. There was no significant difference in the cAMP‐PDE activity between children with mild atopic dermatitis and children with severe atopic dermatitis. These findings support the view that elevation of peripheral mononuclear leucocyte cAMP‐PDE actvity in patients with atopic dermatitis is a gene‐associa

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn immunohistochemical analysis of skin biopsies was performed in 18 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE), using the alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal anti‐alkaline phosphatase method (APAAP). The study group was subdivided on the basis of clinical criteria into 10 patients with chronic discoid LE (CDLE) and eight patients with subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE).Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies the following results were obtained: (i) ICAM‐1 was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes, dermal inflammatory cells, and endothelial cells in most biopsies, whereas LFA‐1 was confined to the dermis. Attachments between keratinocytes or endothelial cells and activated T lymphocytes via ICAM‐1/LFA‐1 may be a possible mechanism of target/effector recognition in cutaneous LE. (ii) HLA‐DR was expressed on epidermal keratinocytes and cells of the dermal infiltrate, but not on endothelial cells. HLA‐DR+cells probably function as antigen‐presenting cells, leading to major histocompatibility complex‐restricted cellular cytotoxicity in cutaneous LE. (iii) Interleukin 2 receptor expression on dermal inflammatory cells was weak, indicating non‐specific activation of T lymphocytes. (iv) The dermal inflammatory cells were T lymphocytes, mainly of the helper/inducer subtype. B lymphocytes were rarely found in the dermis.In general, no significant immunohistochemical differences were found between CDLE and SCLE, suggesting that these variants represent clinical subtypes rather than different pa

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAdhesion molecule expression in synovial membrane obtained from patients with psoriatic arthritis (PA) has previously been compared with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) was similar in both psoriatic and rheumatoid synovium, in contrast, little or no endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule‐1 (ELAM‐1) was observed in psoriatic synovium. In the present study, the expression of ICAM‐1. ELAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 was examined in the involved and uninvolved skin from patients with PA (n= 15), patients with psoriasis (Ps) but no arthritis (n= 5) and in normal skin (n= 4).ICAM‐1 was intensely expressed on endothelium and keratinocytes of involved skin from patients with Ps with or without arthritis. There was constitutive expression of ICAM‐1 on endothelium only in uninvolved and normal skin. In contrast, ELAM‐1 expression was restricted to endothelial cells; it was widespread and intense in involved skin, but was minimal in uninvolved and normal skin. VCAM‐1 was expressed on endothelium, and also on some dendritic cells in involved psoriatic skin. There was minimal VCAM‐1 staining on endothelial cells in uninvolved and normal skin.In conclusion, in involved psoriatic skin from patients with and without arthritis ICAM‐1, ELAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression is up‐regulated on vascular endothelium, and ICAM‐1 is expressed on keratinocytes. However, ELAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 expression seen in dermal vessels is not found in psoriatic synovial vessels. These differences suggest a mechanism for con

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryBy means of microsurgical lymph cannulation, skin lymph was sampled in the course of a sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)‐induced irritant contact dermatitis in human volunteers. The lymph cells were isolated by centrifugation, and then characterized immunocytochemically using different monoclonal antibodies, and in the late phase of the skin reaction also by electron microscopy. Analyses of lymph cells before the induction of the contact dermatitis revealed median values of about 60% T cells (CD4/CD8 ratio about 2:1), 4% Langerhans cells (LCs), and 1% B cells. The remainder were varying proportions of erythrocytes and uncharacterized cells. During the skin reaction, and even after resolution of the clinical signs of dermatitis, a relative and absolute increase of T and B cells, as well as of HLA‐DR positive cells, paralleled the previously reported increase of LCs; a high percentage of the T cells were CD4 and CD8 negative. In addition, surface markers such as CD11a, CD25, CD54 and CD58 were detected on lymph cells sampled during the irritant skin reaction. Cell rosettes observed in the lymph throughout the experiment were analysed in the late phase of the skin reaction, and showed a central LC with three to five peripheral, in part activated, T cells, ultrastructurally revealing gap junction‐like structures between the two cell types. These data indicate that immunocompetent cells in the skin are activated by a variety of non‐immunological stimuli such as operative trauma and irritant contact der

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08622.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPretreatment of skin with all‐transretinoic acid (tretinoin) has been shown to enhance wound healing. Previous studies have mainly used animal models to demonstrate this effect. We wanted to determine whether pretreatment could promote wound healing in severely photoaged dorsal forearm skin.Four elderly men with severely actinically damaged forearms were treated daily for 16 weeks. One arm was treated with 0.05‐0.1% tretinoin cream (Retin A®, Ortho), and the other with Purpose® cream (Ortho) as a vehicle control. Four‐millimetre punch biopsies were taken from both dorsal forearms prior to treatment. After 16 weeks, full‐thickness 2‐mm punch biopsies were taken from both sides. Serial photographs were taken, and healing of the wounds quantitatively assessed by image analysis. On the 11th day, the wounds were excised using a 4‐mm biopsy punch. Biopsies were processed for light microscopy.After 16 weeks, the tretinoin‐treated Forearms showed moderate erythema and scaling. Polarized tight photographs revealed multiple, red, vascularized foci and/or a diffuse network of small vessels. The histological effects were typical for tretinoin, i.e. compaction of the stratum corneum, epidermal acanthosis with correction of atypia, an increase in small vessels, and increased cellularity in the upper dermis. Purpose® cream had no effect, either clinically or historically.On the tretinoin‐treated side, the wound areas were 35‐37% smaller on days 1 and 4, and 47‐50% smaller on days 6, 8, 11, compared with the controls. Clinically and histologically. reepithelialization occurred more rapidly. Thus tretinoin dramatically accelerated wound healin

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08623.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe distribution of binding sites for NTE‐biotinyl‐[Arg3]‐substance P (SPB) was demonstrated in neonatal foreskin using a conjugate of streptavidin with horseradish peroxidase. The observed binding is reversible, and may be abrogated by either the non‐peptide substance P receptor antagonist, CP‐96,345, or by unlabelled substance P. The generalized epidermal distribution and focal dermal localization of SPB binding suggest that although NK‐1 receptors are abundant in human neonatal foreskin, neuromodulatory mechanisms may play a significant role in epidermal

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08624.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAlthough cutaneous vasoconstriction assays are used as a primary screen for ranking the invivoefficacy of new corticosteroids and in vivo human drug delivery studies, little is known about the relationship between the blanching reaction and corticosteroid tissue or plasma concentrations. We measured cutaneous vascular reactions in five volunteers, using an improved reflectance spectroscopic method, and a sensitive radioimmunoassay technique was employed to measure plasma betamethasone concentrations. Using a specially developed betamethasone‐17‐valerate patch prepared in BIO‐PSA®, constant corticosteroid release was ensured, and correlations between cutaneous blanching and plasma corticosteroid concentrations were calculated. Maximal skin blanching was documented 12 h post‐application, whereas plasma corticosteroid concentrations peaked later, at 32 h post‐application, when a paradoxical telangiectatic vasodilatation occurred. At 72 h post‐application, when the plasma corticosteroid concentration was still above the 12 h level, this paradoxical vasodilatation was maximal. The corticosteroid‐induced vascular reactions were mainly due to arterial haemoglobin (Oxy Haem), and both vasoconstriction and vasodilatation were related to changes in Oxy Haem. Our results suggest a dual, probably both time and concentration related, interaction between corticosteroids and dermal vessels in which lower concentrations at 6‐12 h exposure caused vasoconstriction, but as the exposure time increased (24 h) paradoxical vasodilatation was induced, although plasma corticosteroid concentrations w

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08625.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY