摘要:

SummaryThe water permeability of the stratum corneum (SC) appears to be regulated primarily by the lamellar arrangement of lipid bilayers between the corneocytes. A significant body of evidence already exists, suggesting that the specific structural organization of these intercellular lipid lamellae is responsible for the very low water permeability of the intact skin and that these lipid‐rich structures may also influence the process of desquamation in the SC. In this electron microscopic study the structure of the intercellular domains at different levels within the SC of normal skin from 18 healthy subjects has been evaluated with a special fixation protocol utilizing acrolein vapour as primary fixation, followed by a modified ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4)‐post‐fixation technique. This procedure permitted an insight into the process of post‐secretory extracellular processing of the lamellar body (LB)‐derived lipids into lamellar lipid bilayers. This transformation takes place in unique saccular invaginations of the intercellular domains, which indent the underlying stratum granulosum (SG) cells. In this specialized environment LB lipids arc first processed into broad sheets before they become part of the typical lamellar lipid structure of the SC. Furthermore. in the process of lipid maturation distinct differences between inner and outer parts of the SC emerge, in particular an increase in both the number of the lamellae per intercellular space, and their order of arrangement. Moreover, distinct structural relationships between desmosomes (at the SG/SC interface and lower SC) and desmosomal remnants (at the stratum disjunctum) on the one hand, and lipid layers on the other, have been demonstrated, pointing to an important functional interaction of these components in normal h

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00138.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryUsing a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against keratins (PKK2. CK8.12 and KL1). the effects of ultraviolet B (UVB) and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) irradiation on keratin expression in guinea‐pig skin were examined immunohistoehemically. Following irradiation, whether by UVB or PUVA, rapid alterations in the distribution pattern of keratins were observed in the epidermis. The alterations included the induction of basal cell‐type keratins (PKK2and CK8.12 staining) in the suprabasal layers, with concomitant reduction ofthe suprabasal‐type keratins (KL1staining). These alterations in keratin expression were observed during the period when DNA synthesis appears to be accelerated by ultraviolet light exposure (5 h–5 days after LIVB, and 2–10 days after PUVA irradiation). Therefore, these changes are probably reflections ofa proliferative or regenerative state of keratinocytes. This explanation was supported by the result of an experiment involving tape stripping of the epidermal horny layers, which also accelerates DNA synthesis hy keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry appears to be a useful and sensitive method of detecting the effect of ultraviolet light on kerat

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00139.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDynamic expression of pemphigus antigens by cultured human and mouse keratinocytes was compared with that of desmosome‐associated molecules and cellular markers relating to epidermal differentiation. Plakoglobin was detected in localized areas of keratinocyte sheets in low Ca2+(0·15mM) KGM medium. In minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 1·8 mM Ca2+. plakoglobin was expressed in the intercellular spaces (ICS) throughout the keratinocyte sheet. Desmoplakin I and II. which were present in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes in the low Ca2+medium, moved to the cell surface after the medium was changed to MEM. Desmoglein 1 and pemphigus vulgaris (PV) antigens were observed in the ICS of both the monolayers and stratilied areas in the MEM. Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) antigens, frequently together with desmoglein 1, involucrin and keratins specific for the upper layer of the epidermis, were expressed by stratified keratinocytes but not the cells in the monolayers. The Western blotting study of the cultured keratinocyte extract showed 160‐ and 130‐kDa bands positive for desmoglein 1 antigens and a 1 30‐kDa band stained with PV sera. These findings suggest that although desmoglein 1 molecules bear PF antigenic sites, their expression pattern by cultured keratinocytes is closely related to that of PV rather than PF antigens. The PF antigenic sites may be formed on desmoglein 1 during epidermal differ

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00140.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe examined the expression of the transglutaminase 1 (TGase 1) gene IN frozen sections of normal and psoriatic epidermis by means of non‐radioactivein situhybridization with digoxigenin‐labelied cRNA probes. TGase l mRNA was expressed in the granular layer of normal epidermis. regardless of ortho‐or hyperkeratosis. However, in psoriatic epidermis. TGasel mRNA was detected in the suprabasal spinous layer, but not in the subcorneal layer. These results indicate that TGase 1 gene expression is limited to the last stage of keratinization in normal epidermis and this regulation is disturbed in psor

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFactor XLLLa‐positive dermal dendrocytes (FXIIIa+dd) may have an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, in that their numhers are increased in lesional skin compared with non‐lesionai skin. Moreover, in AIDS‐associated Kaposi's sarcoma the number of these cells is also increased, in comparison with the classical type of Kaposi's sarcoma. In addition, patients suffering from HIV‐1 infection may develop severe psoriasis.The aim of this study was to examine the distribution of FXIIIa+dd in lesional and non‐lesional skin from seven psoriatic patients with positive HIV‐1 serology. and compare the results with age‐, sex‐, and site‐matched HIV‐1‐negative psoriatic patients. In both patient groups there was an increase of FXIIIa+dd in the papillary dermis in lesional skin, compared with non‐lesional skin (HIV+[P=0.0007]: HIV−[P=0.0006]). Positive cells were also observed within the epidermis in lesional skin in both groups. However, there was no significant difference between HIV‐1+and HIV‐1−groups in the number of FXIIIa+dd in the epidermis and dermis (P>0.05). These findings suggest that, if FXIIIa+dd do have a role in psoriasis, deterioration of this condition in HIV‐1+patients is not due to pr

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA newly developed ELISA was used to detect and quantify the presence of a soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1) in the circulation of healthy individuals compared with patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Seventeen psoriatic patients were studied. The extent of skin lesions was rated by the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI). Seventeen age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals served as controls. Serum levels were measured by an ELISA technique utilizing an anti‐ICAM‐1 murine monoclonal antibody bound to the solid phase, and a second, peroxidase‐conjugated monoclonal antibody reacting with sICAM‐1. Serum levels in controls were 358.8±87.9 ng/ml sICAM‐1, and 480.5±133.6 ng/ml in psoriatics (mean±SD;P=0.02). In psoriasis. sICAM‐1 levels were found to be directly proportional to the PASI score (y=363.002 + 8.525x,R=0.55.P=0.021). These data suggest that the concentration of sICAM‐1 in serum increases during psoriatic inflammation. The origin and function of sICAM‐1 in psor

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe value of lympbocyte reactivity in the diagnosis of hypersensitivity to amalgam restorations was studied in a group of patients witb oral mucosal lesions, and in a control group. Heavy metal salts were added to lympbocyte cultures, and lympbocyte proliferation and levels of IL‐2 receptors and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) were determined. After addition of mercuric chloride, a statistically significant increase of IFN‐γ was seen in the patient group, indicating a higher reactivity to this metal salt. Mercuric chloride, nickel sulphate, palladium chloride and zinc chloride all stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, but there was no difference between patients and controls. Nine other metal salts tested did not influence tbe proliferation rate in eitber group. Mercuric chloride, nickel sulphate, and zinc chloride did not have any effect on the level of IL‐2 receptors. Thus, certain functional tests other than crude lympbocyte proliferation may be useful in the diagnosis of amalgam hype

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCyclosporin (CyA) is an effective treatment for psoriasis, including cases unresponsive to other therapies. The major side‐effect of CyA treatment is dose‐related nephrotoxicity. Combinations of CyA and etretinate (Et) have been tested with a view to reducing CyA dose requirements, and therefore minimizing adverse effects. We have studied the effect of Et on the cytochrome P‐450‐mediated metabolism of CyA. Microsomes prepared from histoiogically normal human liver (obtained from four cadaver kidney transplant donors; all male: age range 21–56) were incubated with CyA and various concentrations of Et. Metabolism was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography with radiometric detection, and metabolites tentatively identified from the retention times of authentic standards. After 30 min incubation of CyA and microsomal protein at 37°C, 10.1 ± 3.0% (mean±SD)3H‐CyA was converted to the monohydroxylated metabolites M1 and M17, and 3.3±0.8% to theN‐demethylated metabolite M21. At an Et concentration of 100 μM inhibition of CyA hydroxylase andN‐demethylase was<20%. This study indicates that there is no metabolic interaction between CyA and Etin vitro: it is likely that the two drugs are metabolized by diff

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTopical betamethasone‐17‐valerate inhibits the vasodilatation response to local non‐pathological heating of rat skin.1We have shown that this effect can also be demonstrated in man. Topical betamethasone‐17‐valerate significantly inhibited the increase in human forearm cutaneous blood flow in response to heat of 44°C, as measured by laser‐Doppler velocimetry. This suggests that the effects of topical steroids upon skin blood flow in the rat and in man are similar, and supports the use of the animal model as a paradigm for studying human skin blood flow, and changes in response to anti‐inflamm

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In an open study of 21 severely affected adult atopic dermatitis patients, air‐conditioned narrow‐band UVB phototherapy using the Philips TL‐01 lamp three times weekly for 12 weeks resulted in a 68% reduction in atopic dermatitis severity scores, with a concomitant 88% reduction in potent topical steroid use.Follow‐up at 24 weeks revealed that six patients had relapsed to>70% of pre‐phototherapy severity scores; the remaining 15 continued to derive long‐term benefit. The mean value of potent topical steroid use remained 50% below pre‐phototherapy needs.Narrow‐band UVB (TL‐01) phototherapy appears an effective, steroid‐sparing treatment for chronic severe atopic dermatitis, offering long‐term benefits in the majo

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1993.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY