摘要:

SUMMARYEighty‐three cases of dermatitis caused by wood or sawdust have been seen at St John's Hospital for Diseases of the Skin, London, in the last 20 years. The clinical details and results of patch tests are reported. The literature on dermatitis, mucosal irritation, asthma and other toxic effects of woods of some 300 botanical species is reviewed at length, with an index of scientific, trade and vernacular names, chemical formulae of the known sensitizing substances, and a table of the 28 toxic woods most often encountered. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and prophylaxis are discusse

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb15776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe diverse biological effects associated with naturally occurring steroids are reviewed, with particular reference to the effect upon biological activity of changes in chemical structure. The motives for synthetic modification of the natural products are discussed and are illustrated by reference to the development of systemic and topical anti‐inflammatory agents, with improved potency and reduced side‐effe

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb02264.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe rate of epidermal cell production has been measured in the various parts of scalp hair follicles in patients with psoriasis of the scalp, and in controls with normal scalp skin. Anin vitrotechnique was used in which thin tissue slices were exposed to tritiatcd thymidine enabling cells about to divide to become autoradiographically labelled. Biopsies from thirteen patients with psoriasis and nine controls were examined in this way. The labelling indices of the interfollicular epidermis was 27.5% in the psoriatics and 9.5% in the controls. The upper part of the external root sheath had a labelling index of 28% in the psoriatic group compared to 13.9% for the controls. The labelling indices of the sebaceous glands, matrices and external rootsheaths were very similar in the two groups. The findings support the hypothesis for a dermal stimulating influence causing the increased epidermopoiesis seen in psoriasis.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYEpidermal barrier function in rats was experimentally impaired by two separate means, namely, by rendering the animals deficient in essential fatty acids and by evoking a primary cutaneous irritant response by treating with a solution of sodium laurate. Impaired barrier function was manifested by a greatly increased rate of transepidermal water loss. Application to the skin of sunflower seed oil, which is rich in linoleic acid, rapidly restored to normal the abnormally high rates of transepidermal water loss in both experimental cases, and it was shown with the essential fatty acid‐deficient rats that there was a concomitant incorporation of linoleic acid of the sunflower seed oil into epidermal lipids. Cutaneous application of olive oil, which is low in linoleic acid but rich in the non‐essential oleic acid, did not influence epidermal barrier function. A close relationship of barrier function and essential fatty acids is indica

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe pharmacological properties of cortisol (and cortisol‐like drugs) are divided into several distinct activities according to the type and cellular site of action of the hormone. To each of these discrete properties is allotted the separate clinical beneficial responses and the adverse effects that probably arise from them. For any one patient only one, or two, of these pharmacological properties are desirable and the remainder are undesirable. Therapy aims to separate the wanted from unwanted effects and this can be attempted in three ways: firstly, by adjustment of dose, frequency and duration of corticosteroid administration; secondly by delivery of the drug directly only to the site of disease– if this is possible; and thirdly, by using analogues which have been synthesized with ‘tailor‐made’ selective actions. Synthetic analogues have not yet offered much selectivity of action of value for systemic use, but for local use (as on the skin and in the respiratory tract) such analogues have provided a considerable therapeutic advance.It is suggested that the several distinctive pharmacological properties of cortisol (as well as the existence of other steroids closely related chemically but with widely different biological activities, such as progestagens and anaesthetics) offer hope for the synthesis of cortisol‐like compounds with much greater selectivity in syst

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb02265.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe formation of elastotic material in the dermis of the exposed skin of elderly persons, and of two younger patients with manifestations of precocious degeneration, was studied by light and by electron‐microscopy. Initially fine filaments or apparently granular material, or both, appeared around collagen fibres, which were mildly altered. On the exposed sites there was gradual loss of matrix and striation of the collagen forming an amorphous substance in which scattered, optically dense material appeared. Several appearances were common to all subjects.There are numerous opinions on the origin of elastotic material (Tunbridgeet al., 1952; Teller, Vester&Pohl, 1957; Niebauer&Stockinger, 1965; Banfield&Brindley, 1963; Piérard, Kint&de Berasques, 1968; Braun‐Falco, 1969). This may be because previous investigators have studied advanced examples of actinic degeneration. Earlier, and perhaps more subtle, changes arc described in this

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTachyphylaxis (acute tolerance) to two important actions of topical glucocorticosteroids is demonstrated. In humans, topically active glucocorticoids applied to the skin cause vasoconstriction initially but this response fades with successive applications. In hairless mouse epidermis, inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitosis is caused by one application of a glucocorticoid but with repeated administration of the drug this effect is lost. The degree of inhibition of cell division appears to be similar 30 and 54 h after one application of steroid to that following three or five applications during such a time period. These findings suggest that an optimum therapeutic approach to the use of these agents exists.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb02266.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe development of skin lesions in patients with dermatitis herpetiformis after the withdrawal of their dapsone therapy was studied with the electron microscope.In control biopsies from patients prior to cessation of treatment, membrane‐bound vacuoles were found beneath the basal lamina of the epidermis as previously described. After dapsone withdrawal, there was an apparent increase in the number of vacuoles and occasionally several vacuoles appeared to have coalesced forming an early blister. At this stage, the basal lamina and associated hemidesmosomes were normal although in places there were small discontinuities in the basal lamina. Where the reaction was more intense, vacuoles and cells, mainly eosinophils, were embedded in fibrin deposits. Above this, the basal lamina was usually disrupted with involvement of the basal epidermal cells.These results suggest that the vacuoles do play a part in the formation of the pathological lesion in dermatitis herpetiformis. In addition, the basal lamina is shown to be only secondarily involved. The nature of the vacuoles has still to be elucidate

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYGlucocorticoid‐induced vasoconstrktion of human skin has provided a useful guide to topical anti‐inflammatory activity. The concentration and base in which a steroid is used influence this activity, and traditional greasy ointments are probably the most effective vehicles. Confirmation of clinical effectiveness should be by double‐blind comparison in patients with bilateral skin lesions. Psoriasis provides a more discriminating test of steroidal activity than eczema; the use of occlusive dressings may mask differences between compounds. Short‐term trials are informative but in patients with chronic disease, longer studies should also

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb02267.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYForty patients with centrofacial lentiginosis have been studied. A greater than normal number of bone abnormalities, malformations due to dysraphia, endocrine dysfunctions, and neurological diseases, but not psychiatric impairment, were found.

ISSN:0007-0963    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1976.tb04339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1976

数据来源: WILEY