ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00822.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract“Status conferral”is the notion that press coverage singles out and confers importance upon the person or group covered. If status conferral occurs, it has serious implications for traditional conceptions of how the press should function in a democracy. In two experiments, the author reported evidence supporting the existence of a status conferral effect. Status conferral was tested indirectly by varying the prestige of the news agency providing the coverage and observing differences in the perceived status of persons covered.However, there were ambiguities in previous results and the present experiment was intended to clarify them. Conferral differences appeared consistently on two of three indices in previous work—“Safety” and “Dynamism”—but not on the third, “Qualification.” In previous studies, the topics sources that were being recognized as qualified for discussion were always of broad, national application or scope. Thus if Qualification conferral were related to topic scope, no differences would have been observed because topic scope was constant. To test this, the present experiment varied both the news agency providing the coverage and the scope or application of the news topic. What the source said, substantively, remained the same. Scope was varied by having him say it about “US. cities” or the city in which the newspaper was published.In one of two replications of the design, the predicted topic scope difference was observed for Qualification but news agency conferral differences were also observed for Qualification. A fourth conferral index—“prominence”—was as sensitive as Qualification to ne

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00823.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEcumenismis dependent upon communication for initiation and for continuance. Yet both concepts, “ecumenism,” and “communication,” seem so mystical as to be a special case of the blind leading the blind. The relationship between ecumenism and communication as reflected in selected recent writings dealing with their reciprocal impact is herein e

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00824.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paperdescribes a program of group counseling for speech anxiety (sometimes called “stage fright”) which is based upon theory and research in the general area of group counseling and therapy. The suggested approach is supported by a rationale based upon existing research on the problem of speech anxi

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00825.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo experimentson information processing replicate earlier findings that a person's evaluation of an object changes as a function of its salience to him, its pertinence relations with other objects, and the reduction of cognitive dissonance. However, these effects do not carry over to corresponding changes in his directed behavior toward the object. It is suggested that communication research might limit itself to value change and those cognitive processes that precede it, rather than try to predict behavioral change directly from value change.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00826.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purposeof this investigation was to determine whether providing a respondent with the designation of the grammatical form class of words deleted from prose contexts would affect his performance in a word prediction task. Word replacements were obtained under conditions where such designations were or were not provided. The results were analyzed in terms of whether response words corresponded in grammatical form class with deleted items (FC‐score), as well as in terms of verbatim replacement of items (V‐score). As anticipated, grammatical information did result in a greater FC‐score as compared with the absence of such information, although this was greater for function‐type words (articles, prepositions, auxiliaries, etc.) than for semantic‐types (nouns, verbs, adjectives). As for verbatim replacement, grammatical information led to increased V‐score only in the case of function‐type words, as compared with the alternative condition of no information. These results were thought to be compatible with expectations based upon differences in the numbers of words belonging to the various form classes, as well as expectations regarding the effect of grammatical information upon contextu

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00827.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComputerizedword frequency data from a 104,737 word sample of Associated Press wire news are used to test Zipf's “law” of vocabulary balance, an equation predicting statistical regularity between word frequency and word ranking in written English. The wire news word frequencies are plotted in logarithmic coordinates and compared with the slope produced by a newspaper language sample of 44,000 words used by Zipf to illustrate his model. The two slopes follow roughly the predicted slope of 45 degrees, but the computerized AP news data fit the standard slope less well than the smaller sample. This suggests the need for further research using computerized frequency lists from large samples of news prose and mathematical modifications of Zipf's equation before stochastic models of language behavior are developed from his work in vocabulary bala

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00828.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experimentis reported in which a variety of audio‐visual presentations were made to a group of first grade pupils. It was found that there was no significant difference between three learning conditions: verbal availability, object availability, and a combination of the two. It is therefore suggested that either a verbal presentation or a visual presentation is more likely to be initially effective than is an audio‐visual presentat

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00829.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe resultsof an examination of the literature on directive and nondirective interviewing are compared to the content of the literature on the examination of witnesses in legal proceedings.A number of hypotheses concerning the relevancy of principles appropriate in one area to practice in the other are advanced. The best ways of obtaining objective information may differ from the best ways of obtaining subjective reactions.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00830.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1969.tb00831.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY