ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00710.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper quantitatively summarizes the literature examining the association between acceptance of rape myths and exposure to pornography. In this meta‐analysis, nonexperimental methodology shows almost no effect (exposure to pornography does not increase rape myth acceptance), while experimental studies show positive effect (exposure to pornography does increase rape myth acceptance). Although the experimental studies demonstrate that violent pornography has more effect than nonviolent pornography, nonviolent pornography still demonstrates an effec

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00711.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Research has produced plentiful evidence of the third‐person perception—the tendency for people to think others are more influenced by mass media than they are themselves. But until now there has been scant evidence of the effects of that perceptual bias. Consistent with past third‐person effect findings, the data in this study indicate that a substantial majority of U.S. adults see others as more adversely influenced by pornography than themselves. In addition, the results show that peoples' support for pornography restrictions parallels the discrepancy they perceive between effect on self and effect on o

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00712.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contrary to common assumptions within the scientific community, media effects are largely long‐term and indirect, coverage does not always overrepresent fringe positions, and messages are interpreted actively by audience members. Lay publics associate more risk with science and technology in their social context than with the underlying science itself, and general attitudes toward science influence the degree of risk associated with particular new developments. Biotechnology, new and highly complex, is used as a case to further explore media effects issues for science. The range of issues that surfaces when nonscientists are asked to evaluate risks is not easily influenced by the narrow, source‐dominated coverage characteristic of this topic. The interests of the scientific community would be better served by news addressing the full range of ethical, social, economic, and policy issues with which the public is concer

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00713.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Beliefs about the causes of disease and hence about responsibility for disease are central to all cultural understandings of the human condition. This essay explores how public communication influences such beliefs. We argue that although attributions of responsibility may appear to be medical or scientific claims, such claims are better understood rhetorically, as means of influencing attitudes and behavior. After discussing three nontechnical audiences and related exigencies to which messages about causes of disease are often addressed, we analyze how attributions of responsibility are accomplished in selected examples of public communication. In closing, we discuss implications for developing a model of public communication about causes of disease and propose research to test and refine the model.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00714.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Contrary to many previous reports of widespread grazing, most viewers in this study made very limited use of remote control devices (barely one or two RCD operations per half‐hour). Comparisons of the separate operations of punching, arrowing, scanning, jumping, inserting, and muting showed that, overall, the most common RCD activity was punching in a specific channel number, a direct substitute for dial turning. Moreover, most activity took place on the hour and half‐hour rather than within programs, meaning that commercial avoidance was infrequent and suggesting that industry concerns about radical changes in viewing behavior resulting from remote control use may be overbl

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00715.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Television has been a single‐station medium in Israel since 1968. However, the 1990s brought a dramatic change: the introduction of cable television and the dramatic transition to a multichannel system. Using a before‐after research design, the present study focuses on the short‐term effects of the transition. Comparing cabled samples with matched samples not yet reached by cable, we found significant changes in viewing patterns, amount of viewing and the frequency of zapping. However, these changes are more significant among certain subpopulations and differ in their magnitude and motives from those of other societies. The findings at this early stage present a pattern indicating a state of confusion and cultural shock accompanied by significant changes in viewing patterns on the behavioral dime

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00716.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the process through which a fear appeal may transform low‐involvement audiences into active publics. Cognitive and emotional responses of uninvolved viewers to a film on environmental contamination are analyzed, together with the coping strategies used to deal with the threat. The research integrates Grunig's situational theory of publics with Rogers' protection‐motivation theory to expand the predictive ability of the situational theory. The data indicate that post‐test public membership, cognitive activity and emotional arousal during viewing are significantly related to viewers' preferences for coping through message resistance, seeking additional information, or taking action on the film's topic. Results suggest that both cognition and affect mediate viewers' responses to a fearful message, thereby contributing to the creation of active publics who are persuaded to take action on a pr

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00717.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study examines the relative influence of six communication modalities on voters' perceptions of candidates during contested presidential primary campaigns with less well‐known candidates. The investigation panels 113 Democratic and Independent voters of a primary state during the 1992 primary season. Prospective voters were contacted in the “distant phase,” that is, before the campaign shifted its full attention to the voters of that state; and in the “localized phase,” immediately following an intense campaign leading up to this state's primary election. Results indicate that interpersonal communication dominates all other communication modalities in influencing voters' perceptions of candidates during the distant phase of primaries, and its effect persists into the localized phase. In addition, televised spot advertising, and to a lesser degree, television news, exert the most impact on voters' perceptions during the localized phase of the primary

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00718.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1995.tb00719.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY