ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00900.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe study of communication as a focus on messages or on symbolic transmission is challenged as unrealistically narrow. In addition, it is suggested that the communication scholar must recognize the influences of (1) man's changing contexts, (2) man's interdependence with his environment, (3) man's limited ability to control for error, (4) interaction effects in communication, and (5) the effects of choices of communication behaviors attributed to others. Thus, it is argued, communication should be defined as the study of the ways by which men affect each other and the interactions of those systems of influence.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00901.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purposeof this article is to provide a major summary and synthesis of experimental studies dealing with communication feedback. Two types of studies have been selected for review. First, all available studies which focus on communication receiver response and its effect on the communication source have been included, Second, the reviewer chose relevant studies from the areas of verbal conditioning, small group interaction, psychology of success and failure, and task performance. The article is divided into four major sections: (a) the resiilts of the feedback studies, (b) a brief methodological evaluation of the studies, (c) suggestions concerning future research, and (d) conclusions.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00902.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is plausible that certain observed similarities between individual orientations of peasants in developing countries and of the poor in developed nations may be traceable in part to their restricted utilization of language in organizing experience and communicating with others. Granting that there must be real opportunities in the environment (and assuming that there virtually always are), deficient encoding and decoding abilities may lessen the chances for both peasants and ghetto dwellers to respond effectively to such opportunities as a changing environment presents. Bernstein's hypothesis of code restrictedness may underlie problems of transforming traditional individuals by affecting the level of empathy which they exhibit when exposed to information about opportunities. Full utilization of language's potentials may be requisite to the perceptual flexibility and cognitive skill with hypotheticals; these in turn may be requisite to effective voluntary change.These considerations tie into more basic theories about the workings of the human mind. They hold promise of facilitating eventual unification of research on important aspects of communication in developing nations with important aspects of communication in the underdeveloped sectors of developed nations. Further, they promise synthesis with more general theories of communication and cognition.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00903.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn spite of widespread concern over the state of public science knowledge, relatively little empirical research has been done toward improving the communication of science information to laymen. This paper reports the results of an empirical, quasi‐experimental study on textual variables in science writing and their effects on a lay audience. Strong relationships were found between textual variables such as readability and use of example, and audience variables such as information gain and attitude favorability toward the topic (in this case, enzymology). The second phase of this study, a true experimental design in which the results of the first phase are currently being tested, is describe

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00904.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis studywas an examination of the relationships among self‐concept, sex, and the connotative valence of vocal emotional expressions. Seventyeight Ss were assigned to one of three groups on the basis of self‐concept scores. Six emotional expressions were rated using semantic differential scales with highest loadings on a General Evaluation factor. A 3X2X6X2 factorial design was used, and data were analyzed by a fixed effects analysis of variance procedure. Results revealed main effect differences in the meanings of the six emotions, which were confounded by interactions for both speaker and listener sex. Ss having low self‐concept did not distort the emotional meaning as pred

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00905.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of reward‐oriented (pleasure) and punishment‐oriented (fear) appeals were examined in conjunction with initial credibility on attitude change and terminal credibility. Ss were exposed to either a reward‐oriented or a punishment‐oriented message by either a high‐credible or low‐credible source. Reward and punishment appeals did not differentially affect either attitude change or perceived credibility. Both types of appeals produced substantial attitude change when presented by a high‐credible source, neither produced significant change when presented by a low‐

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00906.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Methods ofResearch inCommunication. Edited by Philip Emmert and William D. Brooks.Essays inHonor ofC. M. Wise. Edited by Arthur J. Bronstein, Claude L. Shaver, and Cj Stevens.SocialInteraction. By Michael ArgyleSpeech in theClassroom: 2nd Edition. By Donald E. EcroydTelevision andDelinquency: Television Research Committee Working Paper No. 3. By J. D. Halloran, R. L. Brown, and D. C. ChaneyTheCommunicativeArts: AnIntroducxion toMassMedia. By Charles S. SteinbergPleaseTouch: A GuidedTour of theHumanPotentialMovement. By Jane Howard.StrategicInteracxion. By Erving Goffman

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00907.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1971.tb00908.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY