ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00859.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper attemptsto dispel some of the prevailing ambiguity regarding related concepts of communication by suggesting: (1) a perspective for approaching the study of communicative process, and (2) a behavioral focus for the examination and classification of the process elements.The term “communication” is defined as the sharing of experience, observable as the extent to which the responses of a generator and perceiver are systematically correlated to a referent stimulus. “Communicative process” is described in relatively discreet terms as a unique class of intentful stimulus‐response behavior, represented by the model GS+PR. “Meaning” is defined as a discriminative response to a stimulus, and provides the criterion for determining whether or not communication occurs in a given situation.The implication of the proposed system of inquiry is that any observably definable communicative event, regardless of its context or complexity, is potentially subject to systematic, verifiable analysis for purposes of critical investigation, empirical explanation, and useful predictio

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00860.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe object of this paperis to show how myth is used to communicate whole, as distinct from partial, perceptions of social situations. Certain definitions of myth are suggested. These are illustrated by two case studies which demonstrate the way in which myth is used as a means of communicating highly complex abstract ideas in an apparently simple concrete form. The paper ends with a brief review of the studies from different disciplines which have attempted to tackle this problem of the perception and communication of wholes.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00861.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractResearch has shownthat a given core quantity appears larger as contextual stimuli become smaller, and conversely. This study sought to determine whether such contextual effects are greatest where contextual stimuli appear highly relevant in assessing a core quantity. As defined here, contextual relevance hinges upon physical similarity between core and context objects, as well as upon certain canons of appropriate judgment behavior such as the scientific method.Two parallel experiments were conducted. In both studies, reducing contextual magnitude increased the apparent size of core quantities, as predicted, where contextual relevance was high. Further, such increases in judged core‐quantity magnitude had predicted effects on perceived writer stand (pro or con).Where contextual relevance was low, increasing size of context did not influence perceived magnitude of the core quantity viewed in isolation. Here, apparently, respondents discounted low‐relevant contexts as predicted. However, when judging author stand on an issue, respondents apparently tended to rate a core quantity as large where context was large and of low releva

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00862.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis studyqualitatively examined the interaction patterns associated with group decision‐making. Specifically, a category system identified the functions which verbal behavior performs upon tentatively introduced decision proposals and yielded a theory of decision modification within group discussions. Groups do not apparently make decisions gradually by direct amendments but in sudden jumps to different formulations of the same root proposal. That is, proposals were introduced, discussed, dropped, and reintroduced in modified form. Two discernible patterns of decision modification emerged. One pattern involved systematically reformulating the proposal in language at successively lower levels of abstraction until the proposal achieved consensus. The second pattern involved substitute decision proposals at essentially equivalent levels of abstraction until the revised proposal achieved consensus. Unlike previous theories of flight behavior resulting from interpersonal conflict, the present study indicates that periods of task avoidance are inherent within the group process of cumulative decision modification.“I don't think they play at all fairly,”Alice began, in a rather complaining tone,“and they all quarrel so dreadfullyone can't hear oneself speak–and theydon't seem to have any rules in particular;at least, if there are, nobody attendsto them–and you've no idea howconfusing it is all the things b

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00863.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe UNESCO experimentson communication through television in the field of adult education conducted in France, Japan and India during the current and the previous decades demonstrated for the first time the potential of television for thr promotion of culture and education among the general masses. They also indicated that the tele‐clubs, organized for group viewing in both urban and rural communities, could be an effective and adequate means for the purpose of communicating messages of social education. The results obtained from the special series of telecasts underscored the fact that the appeal of television was not restricted within national boundaries. The indirect co‐operation of France, Japan and India‐countries with different cultural backgrounds‐toward the growth of a common institution like the tele‐club was not merely a significant step in the effort to bring into reality an international exchange of ideas and experiments in the field of educational television; it also reinforced the concept of international communication through a global televisi

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00864.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUntil now, there has been an obvious absence of a simple mathematical model of interpersonal and mass media communication effectiveness. Although theorists have attempted quantification of certain of the variables that are the determinants of effect, none have developed a desirable codification for effectiveness. This model does create an effect quantity which is called the Angle of Effectiueness. The size of the angle is dependent on both message strength and perceived social‐psychological distance. Social‐psychological distance is defined as a master continuum on which an individual's position is determined by the horizontal components of internal personality and external social forces. Predispositions on any one subject are the vertical components of these same forces. The model's predictive ability is based on research evidence to date on the effects of message strength, and psychological and sociological influences on attitude and behavioral change. The concept of an Angle of Effectiveness will prove useful in evolving a total theory of communication effectiven

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00865.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:TelevisionNews: Writing, Editing, Filming, Broadcasting. By I. E. FangInnovation inEducation: NewDirections for theAmericanSchool.Classics inComposition. Edited by Donald E. HaydenThe experts. By Seymour Freidin and George Bailey.Sociological methodology1969. Edited by Edgar F. BorgattaBusiness communication. By Frank J. DevlinBroadcastManagement: Radio andTelevision. By Ward L. QuaalTheProfessionalJournalist:aGuide to thePractices andPrinciples of theNewsMedia. 2nd Ed. By John HohenbergElementary statistics: DataAnalysis for theBehavioralSciences. By Paul A. GamesCumputationalHandbook ofStatistics. By James L. BruningTeachingReading toIndividualsWithLearningDifficulties. By Patrick Ashlock and Wineva M. GrzynkowiczTeacherPreparation inComposition. By Eugene H. SmithPocketOxfordDictionary ofCurrentEnglish. Fifth Ed. Compiled by F. G. Fowler and H. W. Fowler. Revised by E. McIntosh.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1970.tb00866.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1970

数据来源: WILEY