ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe poorare often unable to solve their collective problems because they make little input into the community decision‐making process. This study examined communication within an upper income suburban community in regard to one important problem of the poor—low‐cost housing. Organizations were found to communicate mostly with those who perceive the problem in the same way and believe the same alternative solutions to the problem are feasible. Much of this communication was dysfunctional, forestalling a community decision and leading to a “non‐decision.” Organizations were also found to better understand middle class groups opposed to low‐cost housing than the poor who would benefit from it. As a result the opposition was allowed more influence than the poor. The news media were found to contribute little to community understanding of so

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn attempt is madeto identify a typology of “fiddles”—informal and formal devices used by individuals and groups to facilitate communication and adhesion. Fiddling is defined as minor diversionary activity which is not directly related to the primary purpose of the person or group in communication. Identified and described on the personal level is the “fidget fiddle”; in interpersonal communication, the “conversational fiddle” and the “ritual fiddle”; in larger groups, the “orchestral fiddle” and the “task fiddle.” The “strategic fiddle,” applied to both interpersonal and group communication, is discussed. Briefly mentioned are the “catalytic fiddle” and the “status fiddle.”The typology of fiddles in communication behavior is presented as suggestive and exploratory. Relationships of the fiddle factor with education, communication research and

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00128.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, we report an experiment in phonetic symbolism, the relationship between sound and meaning. The results indicate that repetition is reliably associated with visual representations of homogeneity (as opposed to heterogeneity) and completeness (as opposed to incompleteness). From the investigation it appears that native English speakers do perceive repetition in sounds as being appropriate and meaningful for certain visual representations. The implications of these findings for two theories of phonetic symbolism, phonetic placement and the feedback theory, are discussed. The investigation of other semantic dimensions and phonological factors, in addition to the study of cross‐linguistic and cross‐dialectal investigations in phonetic symbolism are proposed as fruitful directions for further resea

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00129.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reportsa test of selective exposure. Interviews with the audience of a film critical of American involvement in Vietnam revealed that the overwhelming majority shared the film's orientation and that eighty per cent knew about the film before entering the theater. Thus selective exposure occurred. Selective exposure, however, supposedly reinforces viewer attitudes; but for many respondents this did not occur, and for several viewers the film had a boomerang effect reducing their opposition to American policy. This effect may be explained by the different expectations members of the audience brought to the film. For those most disapproving, it violated their expectations of new information, insights, reason and logic.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00130.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThese studies measured selective exposureto information by “open‐and “closed‐minded” subjects within a consistency perspective, using an eye camera to record actual exposure behaviors on discrepant, supportive, and balanced materials, presented simultaneously. Arousal (taken as an indicator of stress) of the subjects during exposure to each of the types of stimulus materials was measured through use of galvanic skin response equipment. These procedures were selected to overcome some of the principal questions about validity raised in regard to conventional methods in information selectio

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00131.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred thirty‐seven maleand two hundred twenty‐five female undergraduates at the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee heard recordings of 14 short, informative messages. Each message had been recorded by one of seven male or seven female upper level communication students. Following each message subjects responded to six multiple choice items about the content of the message. Analysis of variance showed no significant difference in listening scores for male and female subjects. A significant interaction between sex of listener and sex of speaker was found, but this interaction accounted for so little of the total variance that it was deemed of little practical importance. It was concluded that neither the sex of the listener nor the interaction of sex of listeners and sex of speakers were of much consequence in determining the listening scores of the subjects of this exper

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00132.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a studyof incidental learning effects upon listening ability, 135 eleventh grade students, in four treatment groups, participated in a program of testing and training in note‐taking skills. Pretesting provided data on critical thinking, study skills, note‐taking, intelligence, PSAT math and verbal abilities, and listening ability (Brown‐Carlsen). Posttesting included alternate forms of the listening and note‐taking tests. Analysis of variance of scores on the listening tests by treatment groups showed apparent significant differences in gains of listening skills between groups. However, analysis of covariance, using the listening pretest as covariant, revealed that the indicated gains in listening ability were pretest effects rather than experimental effects. Implications for listening research are discussed.No significant correlations between pretest scores and gains in listening were found. However, when grouped according to sex, females were found to have made significantly greater gains than the males.Conclusions cast doubt upon the usefulness of the Brown‐Carlsen test in pre‐ and post‐treatment measures of list

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00133.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe revolutionary developments in communicationand transportation have eradicated the natural barriers that separated nations from one another. Fearful of the impact of uncontrolled information on their peoples, many governments have installed artificial barriers on their frontiers. Unesco, an international agency devoted to the promotion of world understanding, has attempted to eliminate or lower these man‐made barriers; but its success in this respect has been hampered by political, economic, and cultural problem

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00134.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1972.tb00135.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY