ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the situation where man is deprived of all possibility of intellectualization, that is, of interpreting geometrically a given process, either he will seek to create, despite everything, through suitable interpretations, an intuitive justification of the process, or he will sink into resigned incomprehension which habit will change to indifference…. The dilemma posed all scientific explanation is this: magic or geometry? (Thom, 1975, p.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A mathematical model was developed to explain the public's issue priority by integrating two processes: media agenda‐setting and social interaction. The media agenda‐setting component of the model, based in part on cognition theory, states that memories for media coverage decline over time for each individual. Both components are discussed in terms of their ability to sustain the priority among people who previously agreed with the importance of the issue, and to recruit others to that issue position. The model was tested using two independently collected time series data sets covering six issues. The results support the hypothesis that the public's issue priority was influenced by both media and social interact

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article presents a general mathematical model of the diffusion of innovations, which incorporates mass media and interpersonal influence. The model is applied to three classic diffusion data sets: (a) use of hybrid corn, (b) knowledge of Eisenhower's stroke, and (c) doctors’prescription of a new drug. Nonlinear regression is used to estimate the mathematical model. The results show that diffusion of hybrid corn occurred via interpersonal influence, whereas the diffusion of knowledge of Eisenhower's stroke occurred via the mass media. For the diffusion of the new drug, the model shows that doctors who subscribed to few medical journals learned about the drug primarily through interpersonal influence, while doctors who subscribed to many medical journals learned about the drug through both mass media and interpersonal channels. Policy decision‐makers can use diffusion models to (a) evaluate the effectiveness of media versus interpersonal campaigns, (b) make comparisons between subgroups, and (c) evaluate the effect of a pol

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article introduces a new measure of bargaining toughness. Previous measures of toughness have been based on simple averages and are suitable for use only in situations of distributive bargaining. By contrast, the proposed measure is based on dynamical information and can easily be used in integrative bargaining scenarios. The key to defining such a measure is to utilize the feasible outcome sets of Nash (1950) and to represent the bargainer's concessions by a path in the feasible outcome set. By mathematically modeling the speed with which the bargainer concedes, it becomes possible to develop a measure of bargaining toughness that takes into account not only how much the bargainer has conceded, but how fast he or she has done so.

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent advances in neuroscience, computer science, psychology, and other fields have led to the development of computer programs that are modeled, in principle, on idealizations of organic neural structures. These artificial neural networks (ANNs) exhibit important properties that promise great usefulness for policy researchers. Most important among these are ANNs’ability to learn to identify complex patterns of information and to associate them with other patterns. Furthermore, like their biological predecessors, ANNs can recognize and recall these patterns and associations in spite of noisy, incomplete, or otherwise defective information inputs. ANNs can also generalize information learned about one or more patterns to other related patterns. As a result, ANNs have already found extensive use in areas once reserved for multivariate statistical programs such as regression and multiple classification analysis, and are developing an extensive community of advocates for processing text and other qualitative informatio

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01249.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Methods for teaching intercultural communication skills are frequently based on identifying norms of communication in different cultures. Sociolinguistic theory is employed to create a parallel distributed processing (PDP) model, which is used to demonstrate the inadequacy of this normative approach to training. It is argued that communicators normally infer relational intentions from socially significant linguistic and discourse features. These features acquire their significance through use in well‐defined social situations. The probabilogical inference process underlying negotiation of salient identities is modeled in terms of a type of PDP model of cognitive processing. A simulation of the relational inference process demonstrates the impact of marked and unmarked code choices on a hypothetical, simple cognitive system. Implications for the conduct of intercultural communication training are discusse

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01250.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The difficulty of finding a relationship between attitudes and behavior is one of the greatest controversies in recent social science research. The purpose of this study was to determine whether attitudinal relevance substantially affects the magnitude of the correlation between attitudes and behavior, and whether the effects are content free. Using meta‐analysis, we integrated findings from 138 attitude‐behavior correlations with a total sample size of 90, 908. The behaviors we studied ranged over 19 different categories and a variety of miscellaneous topics. Our results showed a strong overall attitude‐behavior relationship (r = 79) when methodological artifacts were eliminated. As predicted, the higher the attitudinal relevance, the stronger the relationship between attitudes and behavior. This effect held true across diverse content domains. Implications for communication theory and practice are disc

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01251.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01252.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-9916    

DOI:10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01253.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY