摘要:

AbstractBenjamin, M.1980. The response of prolactin, ACTH, and growth hormone cells in the pituitary gland of the three‐spined stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatusL. formleiurus, to increased environmental salinities. (Department of Anatomy, University College, Cardiff, Wales, U.K.) —Acta zool.(Stockh.) 61(1): 1–7.The time‐sequence of response of the prolactin, ACTH and growth hormone cells in the pituitary gland of theleiurusform of the three‐spined stickleback,Gasterosteus aculeatusL., to a transfer from freshwater to seawater, was studied by light microscopy. The appearance of the pituitary was compared with that of animals caught in brackish or sea water. The prolactin cells respond only slowly to seawater by cytological changes interpreted as signs of decreased secretory activity. It is thus suggested that prolactin is unlikely to be important for osmoregulation in this stickleback. The growth hormone cells are more active in all seawater‐adapted animals, while the ACTH cells are less active—although only in laboratory experiments. The differing responses of the pituitaries of theleiurusandtrachurusforms ofG. aculeatusandPungitius pungitiusto high salinities are compared. Even in species whose pituitaries are virtually identical, the response to high salinites may

ISSN:0001-7272    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01285.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBhattacharyya, T. K., Butler, D. G., Price, C. S.1980. Ultrastructural characteristics of adult rat adrenocortical cells maintainedin vitrowith and without ACTH. (Ramsay Wright Zoological Laboratories, Department of Zoology, University of Toronto, and Division of Endocrinology, Toronto Western Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada.) —Acta zool.(Stockh.) 61(1): 9–21.The ultrastructural morphology of adrenocortical cells of adult rats maintained in culture for four days with and without corticotropin (ACTH) was studied in comparison to freshly dissociated cells. Identification of cells belonging to zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, and zona reticularis was made on the characteristics of the mitochondria and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), and was confirmed by comparison with cellular layers from intact adrenals. Without ACTH, glomerulosa and fasciculata cells showed disappearance of SER, atrophied Golgi apparatus (GA), and a striking proliferation of granular reticulum. Fascicular cells had a loss in mitochondrial matrix density and the mitochondrial cristae showed a tendency to convert to lamellar glomerulosa‐type cristae. Zona reticularis cells were not strikingly altered. Maintenance with ACTH led to increased cell size and islet formation of cortical cells. Glomerulosa cells had normal appearance and fasciculata cells manifested a pronounced development of GA and SER, and a normal configuration of mitochondria. The effects of ACTH on glomerulosa cells suggest a trophic influence of ACTH on these cellsin vitro.The alterations observed in fascicular cell mitochondria and SER can be explained in terms of known concepts of steroid biosynthesis and basically agree with the patterns of steroid synthesis observed in these cells previously (Price et al.

ISSN:0001-7272    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01286.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRogers, P. A., Glenn, A. R., Potter, I. C.1980. The bacterial flora of the gut contents and environment of larval lampreys. (School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Australia.) —Acta zool.(Stockh.) 61(1): 23–27.The microbial flora of the contents of the intestine of larval lampreys, as well as of the water and substrate in the ammocoetes' habitat, have been cultured on Trypticase Soy Agar. The bacteria have been separated into taxonomic groups, using the scheme of Cowan and Steele (1974) and the API 20E system. The microbial flora of the gut contents of larval lampreys closely parallels that found in the environment in which the ammocoetes live.Bacillus, AeromonasandAeromonas‐like organisms were by far the most abundant bacteria identified, followed byPseudomonasand members of the Enterobacteriaceae. The only anaerobic components of the bacterial flora in the gut contents and the environment wereClostridiumand a relatively uncommon and unidentified Gram‐negative organism. Estimates of abundance of the microflora indicated that the concentration of bacteria was much greater in both the gut contents and the substrate than in the water overlying the animals'

ISSN:0001-7272    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01287.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNishioka, R. S., Bern, H. A., Gunther, R. L.1980. Hormone‐carrier‐neurosecretory granule association in the urophysis of the gobyGillichthys mirabilis.(Department of Zoology and Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, N.S.A.) —Acta zool.(Stockh.) 61(1): 29–38.The caudal neurosecretory system of the mudsucker,Gillichthys mirabilis, was investigated using continuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation, electron microscopy, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and bioassay. A strong light‐scattering band near the 41 % sucrose concentration was shown to contain neurosecretory granules by electron microscopy and urotensin II activity by bioassay. Aliquots of this band were run in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the selected regions of the gel containing those bands unique to urophysial tissue were cut out and eluted after the gel had been sliced longitudinally. The eluate from the region of the unique band (rf 0.46) gave the highest urotensin II bioassay activity when compared to adjacent areas. The remaining half of the gel was stained to confirm the localization of the unique bands. Gels made from regions adjacent to the 41 % sucrose concentration showed less stainability of the bands, and eluate of regions from its unique bands contained correspondingly less bi

ISSN:0001-7272    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01288.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMidtgård, U.1980. Blood vessels in the hind limb of the Mallard(Anas platyrhynchos): anatomical evidence for a sphincteric action of shunt vessels in connection with the arterio‐venous heat exchange system. (Institute of Comparative Anatomy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.) —Acta zool.(Stockh.) 61(1): 39–49.Therete tibiotarsaleis the main arterio‐venous heat exchange system in the hind limb of the Mallard. A large arterial shunt and a venous shunt allow the blood to by‐pass the rete. These shunt vessels must be able to constrict so as to direct the blood to the rete when heat conservation is needed. Using ordinary histological methods and the technique of Falck and Hillarp for demonstration of biogenic monoamines, it was shown that the arterial shunt is more muscular and receives a more dense adrenergic innervation than adjacent segments of the same vessel. Perfusion with noradrenaline before fixation revealed that the arterial shunt was able to reduce its lumen to near closure. No structure, in the ordinary sense of a sphincter, was found in the shunt vein but adrenergic nerves were scattered throughout the tunica media at the base of venous valves, suggesting that a sphincteric action at these sites i

ISSN:0001-7272    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01289.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAndersson, A.1980. The fine structure of a sensory organ of a cladocop ostracode (Crustacea) belonging to the organ of Bellonci (sensory pore) complex. (Department of Zoology, University of Lund, Sweden.) —Acta zool.(Stockh.) 61(1): 51–58.The organ of Bellonci, a complex of cephalic receptors, has previously been reported from two ostracode groups. On morphologic grounds, a cephalic receptor of a third ostracode group (Cladocopa) is believed to be an organ of Bellonci. The organ is situated on the forehead above the first pair of antennae and consists of two feathered hairs. Two nerves, each formed by one dendrite, run from the protocerebrum into the hairs where they terminate with ramose cilia. The dendrites, as well as the cilia and ciliary branches, are enveloped by glial cells. Distally, these cells form cavities around the ciliary branches. The ciliated neuronal connection and the glial cavities, together with other morphologic characteristics of the organ, support a homologization with the organ of Bellonci of other myodocopid ostraco

ISSN:0001-7272    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01290.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractZapata, A.1980. Splenic erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis in elasmobranchs: an ultrastructural study. (Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, U.S.A.) —Acta zool.(Stockh.) 61(1): 59–64.Erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis occured in splenic red pulp ofRaja clavataandTorpedo marmorata(Elasmobranchs, Batoidea). Both processes are intravascular and later developmental stages of erythrocytes can be also found in peripheral blood. Stages of erythropoiesis showed a successive increase of nuclear condensed chromatin and cytoplasmic hemoglobin content. Aspects of cytoplasmic granules suggested the existence of two thrombocytic precursors in these elasmobranchs. The importance of hemopoietic microenvironments for blood formation is emphasized in this w

ISSN:0001-7272    

DOI:10.1111/j.1463-6395.1980.tb01291.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY