摘要:

The issue of work place hazards that may threaten the health of an unborn child has long been problematic for women, business decision‐makers, and lawmakers. The desire to protect the developing foetus must be balanced against a woman's legal right to get and keep the job of her choice. The issue has never been easy to resolve, as this historical analysis shows. An overview of the potential effects of work place hazards on reproductive health is presented. Relevant fair employment laws are summarized, and a brief history of court cases and employer practices is provided. It is argued that ultimately, foetal protection policies had little or nothing to do with protection of foetuses. They may have had more to do with protecting the employer from potential liability and with perceptions of women's status in the work place than with protecting the next generation. Finally, suggestions for future research are presente

ISSN:0968-6673    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.1996.tb00044.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper builds on the implication from Rosenet al.'s (1987) work that the variation in findings with respect to gender differences in attitudes towards computers and anxiety caused by computers (i.e. ‘computerphobia’), may be due in part to differences of psychological gender (regardless of biological gender) within subjects. Sandra Bem's (1974, 1981) theory of psychological gender is incorporated into the research, identifying subjects as ‘sex typed’ or ‘androgynous’. A student population of under/post graduates (N=282; 50.7% of which were male and 49.3% were female) is presented with the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), a computer anxiety questionnaire (Heinssenet al.1987) and a computer attitude questionnaire (Dambrotet al.1985). The latter questionnaire has positive and negative subscales. The results indicate that masculinity correlates with positive attitudes towards computers for both sexes. In addition masculinity was correlated with less anxiety and less negative attitudes towards computers for females, lending support to a sex by gender interaction (i.e. that masculinity has a different effect on each sex). Femininity correlated negatively with programming experience in females. This is discussed in relation to computing being seen as a ‘male activity’, and the subsequent educational and organizational implicat

ISSN:0968-6673    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.1996.tb00045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article draws upon research with men and women workers in ‘flat’ organizations, namely mixed‐sex and all‐women's worker co‐operatives and collectives in the voluntary sector. It argues that the denial of sales, contracts and grants to women's co‐operatives and collectives in particular, can be connected to discourses of sexuality generally and to the assumptions surrounding lesbianism and separatism in particular. Such discourses are often used to marginalize women workers and their co‐operatives and collectives, irrespective of whether the women in such organizations are lesbians or not. It is argued that when women workers organize in ways which challenge male‐dominated hierarchy, their marginalization necessarily takes a sexualized form because organizations, whether hierarchical or less/non‐hierarchical, are not only gendered but are also sexualized. This analysis thus offers an important additional dimension to the view that the marginalization of co‐operatives and collectives is due to their small size, lack of capital, location in certain sectors of the economy, or assumptions concerning the ‘alternative’ or ‘fringe’ nature of employment in such settings. This article also argues that sexuality can attach at the level of the organization, and not simply at the level of individual bodies or life‐styles, an argument often unacknowledged both in the literature on lesbians in the workplace, and in the literature on co‐operative businesses and less or non‐hierarchical volunta

ISSN:0968-6673    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.1996.tb00046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0968-6673    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.1996.tb00047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

I think a lot of pro‐feminist men are still into judging other men, the things they say and the way they behave, just like feminists do. When you find out about feminism, you tend to go through a period of not wanting to be a man and not liking other men, and just listening to women and being around them. And in a sense you still feel threatened by other men, and you sort of don't want them to be, as good at being a feminist as you are, kind of thing (Australian environmental activist quoted by Connell, p. 138

ISSN:0968-6673    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0432.1996.tb00048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY