摘要:

The article reviews studies of early diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Currently, there are no objective measures that can be used for accurate diagnosis, and the diagnosis remains clinical. The article provides guidelines for evaluation.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The techniques of applied behavior analysis (ABA) are effective in altering the developmental trajectory of some very young children with autism. This research suggests that early, intensive treatment using the methods of ABA enables a significant number of children to enter the educational mainstream and achieve normal intellectual functioning. Both home-based and center- or school-based models have been used to deliver these services. Although discrete trial instruction is one of the most potent tools of early ABA teaching, a number of variations on this theme—the initial teaching of mands (requests), the use of an enriched environment with many items attractive to the child, and a focus on teaching the child to be highly skilled (fluent) in a behaviorall have the potential to be valuable teaching approaches.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article explores various possible prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes of cerebral palsy. A causal pathway theory is presented that seems to provide a methodology to study the impact of the various causal factors. The role of an interdisciplinary team is discussed in terms of assessment and program development for children with this condition. Finally, the article presents possible prevention strategies to reduce its incidence.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The number of children diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is rising. It is now considered the most common neuropsychiatric syndrome in US school-age children, affecting 3% to 5%, or approximately 2 million children. ADHD is a chemical imbalance in the brain resulting in inappropriate degrees of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity; these symptoms must be present prior to age 7. ADHD is difficult to diagnose as it is linked to many other conditions such as learning disabilities, conduct disorders, bipolar disorders, and manic-depressive illnesses. The authors offer information on behaviors signaling the need for referral in very young children and describe the positive and negative effects of common medications. They suggest specific behavioral coping strategies for both home and group care settings.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Early diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) allows for early referral for treatment and remediation of core deficits in communication, socialization, and behavior. The cornerstone of treatment is a comprehensive, intensive program of educational, developmental, and behavioral strategies. Since the etiology for most cases is not well defined, progress may be slow, and treatment may be intense, interest in alternative theories of causation and novel treatments is high. Families may pursue complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies in addition to the standard treatments. There are two types of CAM: biologic and nonbiologic. Some of the treatments have been examined using standard research techniques, while others have not yet undergone such scrutiny. Families should be supported in their quest for effective treatments and assisted in learning about potential benefits and harm of each CAM.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

SpecialCare training is a model of training for home- and center-based child care providers. It fosters collaboration between caregivers and early intervention and early childhood special education personnel to support successful placement of children with disabilities in inclusive child care settings. The SpecialCare model of training offers a six-unit, 8-hour curriculum, trainer's manual, and supporting materials that are used to provide SpecialCare training to home- and center-based child care providers. Model efficacy data provide strong evidence that training results in increased knowledge about and comfort with caring for children with disabilities and expanded placement options for children with disabilities.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Staff development is an important component of effective early intervention and early childhood special education for young children with special needs and their families. The special education program at West Virginia University developed a Web-based staff development model that offers advanced training to practitioners entirely online. To date, the program has offered two courses. This article describes the development and delivery of this innovative program and presents initial evaluation data on learning outcomes and participant perceptions.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

This article addresses the need to refocus the view of the natural environment as a family-chosen placement for early intervention services and suggests ways to achieve this end. Psycho-ecological theories are used to broaden the conception of the natural environment and illuminate possibilities for early intervention that utilize community and home resources while respecting the wishes of the family. As a result, families are enabled to choose the settings in which services will be provided, while meeting the needs of the child according to the spirit of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0896-3746    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID