ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Various hypotheses have been put forward in recent years concerning the contribution of human capital to economic growth. This paper argues that school enrolment rates — by far the most commonly used human capital measure in growth regressions attempting to test these hypotheses — conflate human capitalstockandaccumulationeffects and lead to misinterpretations of the role of labour force growth. An alternative educationrelated human capital measure is constructed which is capable of distinguishing between stocks and flows. Applying this measure to samples of developed and less developed countries during the 1960–85 period suggests not only that there are important growth effects associated both with ‘initial’ stocks of, and subsequent growth in, human capital, but also that this new measure out‐performs the simple school enrolment rates used in previo

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper estimates the private returns to human capital in Pakistani rural labour markets. The rich data used permit inclusion of several dimensions of human capital and control for endogeneity resulting from investment in human capital. The results suggest that, without data on determinants of human capital, it would not be possible to disentangle the separate effect of each dimension of human capital on wage differentials nor to distinguish human capital explanations for wage differentials from signalling and credentialist models. With control for endogeneity of human capital and selectivity into wage employment, cognitive achievement, but not schooling attainment separate from cognitive achievement nor long‐run health status, affects wage differential

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Recent evidence of a substantial link between quality of schooling and individual productivity suggests that, from an economic efficiency perspective, quality aspects of education deserve attention. This paper presents empirical evidence on the relative quality and efficiency of private and government‐funded schools in urban India, using data from Uttar Pradesh. The results suggest that standardizing for home background and controlling for sample selectivity greatly reduces the raw average achievement advantage of private school students over public school students, but does not wipe it out. Private schools' standardized achievement advantage (or better quality) is complemented by their lower unit costs to enable them to be more efficient. The results support much of the existing international evidence on the relative efficiency of private and public school

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A national household income survey and census data are used to examine the determinants of educational attainment in China. Rural and urban areas are analysed separately, and contrasted, owing to the sharp economic and institutional divide between them. The roles of income, age, gender, ethnicity, region and family background are explored. An attempt is made to distinguish between demand‐ and supply‐constraints. The opportunity and other costs of rural schooling, and the reasons for leaving school, are examined. Income levels and incentives are important in explaining rural dropping out, and parental education is a powerful influence on enrolment and achievement. The considerable inequality of educational opportunity in China requires corrective polic

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a bargaining model of household decision‐making, any variable reflecting the outside opportunities of household members will influence household demand patterns. Mother's education has been found to be an important determinant of children's education and health outcomes. This paper argues that within a bargaining framework, mother's education may influence children's health and education by shifting bargaining power within the household. An empirical strategy is developed and applied to data on teenage grade attainment and school enrolment in Jamaica. The results support the bargaining power hypothesis, and imply a broader role for mother's education than has previously been considere

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A structural model relating fertility to its proximate is estimated for the Côte d'Ivoire. The assumption of exogeneity of the proximate determinants is rejected and shown to understate their influence. The model allows identification of the means through which female education affects fertility. Secondary schooling is found to have particularly strong effects, raising the age of cohabitation and reducing the duration of breastfeeding. The two transmission mechanisms are offsetting since delayed cohabitation limits fertility whilst shortened breast‐feeding increases it for older women. However, the impact via age at cohabitation dominates, except amongst the older cohor

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Most studies suggest that family background has a strong effect on earnings both directly and indirectly through the returns to own education. However, such effects might reflect the influence of family background on entry into work rather than a productive effect on earnings. The paper uses data from a survey of 16–29 year olds in urban Ethiopia to examine the impact of family background on selection into work and earnings. Family background strongly influences entry into the public sector; accounting for such selection removes its impact on earnings. This contrasts with the persistence of family background effects on private sector earning

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By 1975, the effect of a year's primary schooling upon the wages of Africans in South Africa had fallen to about 2.5 percent — one of the lowest primary schooling returns in the world. Secondary schooling returns were high throughout the period 1960–90. The collapse of primary schooling returns was due to declining school quality, an increase in the supply of primary school graduates, an increase in mining wages in the mid‐seventies, and wage regulation by the Industrial Councils and Wage Boards. The low level of the return, compared with the returns to other races in South Africa, is due to the low quality of African primary schools. Implications for education spending patterns and wage regulation are pointe

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001009.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In some developing countries private rates of return to primary education have fallen to low levels. An explanation is provided as to why this fall need not reduce the demand for primary education. Primary schooling is a necessary input into post‐primary. In an educational system that is demand‐constrained at the primary and supply‐constrained at the post‐primary level, the ‘prospect’ of post‐primary schooling raises the primary return above the rate as conventionally measured. An application of the model to two countries — Côte d'Ivoire and Uganda — doubles the primary rate of r

ISSN:0305-9049    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0084.1996.mp58001010.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY