摘要:

Analysis ofin vivoshoot nitrate reductase activity (NRA) of the grassDeschampsia flexuosa(L.) Trin. has been proposed as a method of indicating the availability of nitrate in northern temperate forest soils. We report the seasonal variation in NRA and the influence of temperature on the NRA assay. Studies were performed in the field or on natural populations on topsoil monoliths in a greenhouse.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382693

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The variance of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for height and diameter growth were estimated from a 13 years old provenance hybridization study in Norway spruce. The GCA variance component for both height and diameter growth was significant, but there was no significant SCA variance. Hybrid progenies outperformed the progenies from stands, but this superiority was not interpreted as a provenance heterosis effect. Estimated family heritabilities for height and diameter growth were moderately high (0.40 for both traits). A consequence of the low SCA variance for Norway spruce may be that clonal testing should replace progeny testing for estimating GCA.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382694

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The geographical variation of relative proportions of monoterpenes in foliar oleoresin was studied in 15 Swedish populations of Norway spruce originating from latitudes ranging between 56° and 67° N. The relative proportions of all monoterpenes vary significantly between populations.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382695

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

To trace any possible effects of air pollution stress and injuries on trees around a city centre, needles of Scots pine(Pinus SyivestrisL.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from sites of different distances and directions from Stockholm were analysed. Comparisons were made between needles of different ages, a half to three and a half years old (C ‐ C + 3) for pine up to six and a half years old (C ‐ C + 6) for spruce. Epicuticular waxes, studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), showed age‐dependent but site‐independent changes. Different age‐patterns were found in the pine and spruce needles but no dust coverings or lesions were detected, irrespective of the sites. A proportionally increasing peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.7) with increasing needle‐age up to the third year was observed in both species. No certain indication of site‐effects, expressed by an unproportional increase of the enzyme activity with increasing needle‐age could be found. Chlorophyll a and b, phaeophytin a and b and carotenoid analyses on the corresponding materials only indicated disturbances in trees from some scattered sampling plots. Thus, neither could the pigment analyses reveal any signs of a general pollution stress in pine and spruce trees from the area in question.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382696

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The growth of a series of clonal mixtures ofPicea abies(L.) Karst., each containing 16 clones, has been compared to the growth of mono‐clone plots in a field experiment, planted on four sites in Central Sweden. The mixtures were created from truncated and representative selection of clones with respect to time of bud‐flush in spring. Assessment of height was made five years after planting.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382697

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Newly‐germinated Norway spruce seedlings were grown for 15 weeks in pots of iron podzol soil that received additions three times a week of nutrient solution containing six levels of Al (0, 0.37, 0.74, 1.5, 3.0 or 6.0 mM) and two levels of Ca (0.09 or 0.46 mM). The Ca concentrations in shoots and roots decreased with increasing Al levels. Growth was suppressed at 0.74 mM Al in the nutrient solution, which gave 0.5 mM Al in saturated soil extracts at the end of the experiment.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382698

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Seven‐year old cuttings of pendula spruce were taller and had larger diameters than seedlings or cuttings of Norway spruce of normal crown type. Pendulous cuttings still had plagiotropic growth at age 7 years and the rate of change to orthotropic growth form was weaker than in cuttings with normal crown type. In pendulous cuttings the effect of the origin of ortet and clone on the crown symmetry was significant at age 5 years but not at age 7 years. The effect of clone on the growth form was evident at ages 5 and 7 years, but the effect of the origin of ortet was significant only in 7‐year‐old cuttings. There were no differences in plagiotrophy between clones from 4‐ and 7‐year‐old ortets. For pendulous cuttings the average height and diameter growth decreased in 5‐ and 6‐ year‐old cuttings with less pendulous crown form and with more plagiotropic growth form but this decrease had almost disappeared in 7‐year‐old cuttings.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382699

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Transplanted, bareroot Scots pine seedling samples were measured from 3 nurseries, 4 seedling batches from each nursery. A batch sample comprised 100 clusters of 3 successive seedlings (a total of 300). Measured characteristics were height, height growth, diameter, length of needles and terminal bud, number of branches and buds, and dry weight compartments. Variation patterns in the morphological characteristics were studied using variance component analysis. The percentage of total variance, in most characteristics, was from 47 to 68 between seedlings, and 16 to 29 between clusters, while between batches it was only 16 to 25 per cent. The only exception was current needle length, which had the biggest component between batches (53 per cent). Compared to the mean, the most variable characteristic was dry weight; for total dry weight, total variance (combined effect) was 58 per cent of the mean, and for dry weight compartments, the combined effect ranged from 58 to 69 per cent. Diameter had the smallest total variance, 24 per cent of mean diameter. The observed variation patterns of characteristics (except current needle length) would indicate better suitability for single tree culling than for batch culling.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382700

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The variation of double bark thickness (DBT) along the bole was studied in three 24‐years‐old experimental plantations with provenances of lodgepole pine growing in central Sweden. DBT was found to vary with bole diameter over bark (DOB) and the height of the point of measurement relative to total tree height (RH). DBT at constant DOB and RH was influenced by locality and provenance. The variation in DBT differed in the most northern locality from the more southern localities: DBT relative to bole diameter was generally greater and there was larger variation within the bole in the northern locality. DBT relative to bole diameter was generally greater and there was larger variation within the bole in the northern locality. DBT decreased clinally with higher latitude and altitude of provenance. However, between provenances of south British Columbian origin no significant variation was observed.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382701

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

One hundred eighty‐two newly emergedM. sutorbeetles, originating from central and northern Sweden, were allowed to feed on branch sections of Scots pine,Pinus sylvestrisL., and Norway spruce,Picea abies(L.) Karst., for two to six weeks. Twenty‐two of these beetles transmitted the nematodeBursaphelenchus mucronatusMamiya and Enda 1979, to the branches they were feeding on. After two weeks of feeding, 63M. sutormale‐female pairs were allowed access to bolts of Scots pine and Norway spruce, suitable for oviposition, for three weeks. Seven of these pairs transmittedBursaphelenchus mucronatusto the bolts of both tree species.

ISSN:0282-7581    

DOI:10.1080/02827589209382702

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1992

数据来源: Taylor