摘要:

ABSTRACTTraditional formative evaluation methods and tools have a documented history of successful use. Expert, one‐to‐one, small group, and field‐test methods have been used for decades. However, changes in design practice, technology, and lately, in theory, have resulted in alternative evaluation methods that are not as well‐known in current design literature. These methods can be used to complement or replace traditional evaluation methods in a formative evaluation project. Some of these alternative methods use different groupings of experts or learners, while others use different evaluation questions or technologies. This article explains each of these formative evaluation alternatives and outlines their advantages, disadvantages, and applicable c

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00613.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we describe a comprehensive list of attributes of instructional materials. The list is of particular value for two reasons. First, it is drawn from the instructional design literature and represents a consolidation of recommendations constructed by or attributed to experts for the evaluation and revision of any type of instructional material. Second, it has been validated and found reliable through a series of studies during the past five years. We provide suggestions for how researchers and academics might use the attributes to advance knowledge in the field and how instructional designers, consultants and instructors might use the attributes to enhance their practice.

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00614.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAs more attention is given to managing and valuing diversity in the United States workforce, the linking of diversity issues and practices to organizational performance needs must be addressed. In addressing the performance question, this article investigates both the difference between a quick fix and systematic action, and the distinction between a program and a process. A systematic and comprehensive process linked to organizational goals and performance is recommended. Gaps in typical programs and responses are pointed out, and some possible areas for measuring results attributable to valuing and managing diversity are suggested.

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00615.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article briefly reviews the literature on Management Development (MD) and summarizes key results of an exploratory survey of HRD professionals' perceptions about MD practices. Based on the survey's results, the authors conclude that organizations sponsoring planned MD programs: (1) Make an effort to base MD on Strategic Business Plans and individual development plans more than on succession plans; (2) Cite in‐house classroom courses tailor‐made for management employees as the single most frequently used MD method; (3) Cite planned on‐the‐job training as the single most effective MD method; and (4) Rely heavily on written individual development plans for assessing the learning needs of management em

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00616.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe needs assessment process, as a tool for decision making, continues to enjoy high visibility in the professional literature, especially in the area of training and human resource development. This literature review explores needs assessment in selected disciplines and provides generalizations about its application. Five needs assessment variables guided our survey of the purposes and methods of the needs assessments described in 106 articles in five general areas (applied sciences, education/technology, medicine/allied health, business/information sciences, and human/public services).

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00617.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIncreasingly, interface construction toolkits such as HyperCard(r), Digitalk Parts(r), and Visual Basic® are used to develop applications for end‐users. Recent research claims that most users do not like to read textual information and that the most successful resource isminimal.The minimalist approach has proven successful, but research remains obscure regarding the type of comprehension aids to include in a minimal resource. The goal of this research is to examine the role of on‐line examples in a minimal manual on learning to use interface construction toolkits. For this purpose, we developed five user resources including two versions of a minimal manual and three versions of InterCONS (toolkit to construct interfaces) integrating various on‐line information and examples. We assessed these resources with 26 subjects. The results indicated that the minimal manual was sufficient to learn InterCONS and that the subjects ignored the more complex examples. Several recommendations concerning the improvement of the resources and of the interface construction toolkit emerged from this re

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00618.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00619.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00620.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0898-5952    

DOI:10.1111/j.1937-8327.1994.tb00621.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY