ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe written communication of new ideas and current developments is a crucial part of the progress of radiological sciences. Research results cannot be incorporated into the body of scientific knowledge, unless they are published. In radiology, questions on authorship ethics have received limited attention. Among the topics discussed in this article are the incentives that stimulate radiologists to write and the obstacles to successful authorship. Practices causing concern to editors, authors and readers are examined, such as the excessive growth through recent years in the numbers of authors per paper, unjustified co‐authorships, wasteful publication practices and fraudulent research. The relationship between the abuses of authorship and the pressure exerted on researchers to publish is exemplified. Further issues addressed include the responsibilities of authors, the proposed principles for authorship, the determination of the sequence of authors in multi‐authored papers and the concept of publication credit. The editor's role in preventing unethical authorship is examined and emphasis is placed on the proposals that have been made to achieve the required reforms by eradicating the publish or perish mental

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYEighteen patients with chronic low back pain were studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographic (CT) discography. Each study was classified as being normal, showing early disc degenerative changes including annular tear, showing established disc degeneration or disc herniation. There was comparable information in over 90% of the MRI studies when compared to CT discography, without reliance on pain provocation or carrying out an invasive procedure. The axial and sagittal T1 weighted images were used to exclude other causes of pain, such as foraminal stenosis and disc herniation. The midsagittal T2 weighted image used in this study was considered to be, in part, responsible for the underestimation of disc degeneration because it did not allow visualization of the lateral aspects of the discs.

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYTuberculous radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis) remains one of the important causes of paraplegia in India. The diagnosis usually rests on clinical history and examination, and on laboratory findings in the cerebro‐spinal fluid (CSF).Few descriptive reports are available of the myelographic appearance, with water‐soluble contrast media, in tuberculous radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis). A retrospective review of 21 myelograms and 10 computed tomographic (CT) myelograms, in 14 patients with tuberculous radiculomyelitis, was carried out, with a view to describing, in detail, the radiographic features. An attempt was made to assess the use of the radiologic procedures in diagnosis and follow up in these patients.Conventional myelographic findings included block (8/14), irregular sub‐arachnoid space (9/14), filling defects (8/14), sluggish contrast flow (2/14), root thickening (3/14) and atrophic cord (2/14). Computed tomographic myelography showed reduced contrast density in portions of the opacified CSF ring around the cord in affected region (6/7) and, in addition, demonstrated septa and adhesions. Intravenous contrast CT was not found to be useful (2/2). Follow‐up studies showed partial resolution (3/6), deterioration (1/6) and status quo of radiological findings (2/6).Although these changes can be seen in chronic radiculomyelitis (arachnoiditis) from other causes, such as leukaemic infiltration/lymphoma, other chronic central nervous system infections and latrogenic causes, including repeated intrathecal injections, conventional myelography appeared to be useful for diagnosis and follow up in tuberculous radiculomyelitis (arachno

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe computed tomographic (CT) appearances of dural sinus thrombosis are variable, but include visualization of thrombus within the sinus on post‐contrast images (the ‘empty triangle’or ‘empty delta’sign). This review of 104 consecutive examinations was undertaken to assess the incidence of the empty delta sign in a paediatric group undergoing CT examinations.The number of examinations in which a sagittal sinus filling defect was seen in three or more images, was unexpectedly high. An overall incidence of 18% was noted. Defects due to bone artifact and defects seen on only one or two slices were excluded. The age distribution of abnormal scans was markedly skewed towards young infants. Nine of 27 examinations (33%) in infants less than 1 month of age, were positive for filling defects, compared with six of 21 (29%) aged between 1 and 12 months, and four of 56 (7%) aged over 1 year.This review suggests that the finding of a filling defect or empty delta sign in the sagittal sinus is not pathognomonic for sinus thrombosis that results in clinically apparent manifestations. Second, a filling defect apparent on CT may resolve spontaneously.The incidence of non‐occlusive sinus thrombosis may be significantly higher than previously recognized, particularly in young infants where predisposing conditions including dehydration, infection or prematurity coexist. Previous studies have indicated that the sensitivity of the empty delta sign is approximately 30%. This study implies that either the empty sign has limited specificity in the paediatric population, or that unrecognized non‐occlusive sinus thrombosis is much more frequent than previou

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWhile the use of a reference phantom is essential for dosimetry in acceptance testing and in regular quality control checks of a mammographic X‐ray unit, it is also of importance to be able to estimate the patient dose in each individual investigation.Radiographic and physical data were analysed for a total of 212 women who between them were screened at three locations participating in a breast screening programme. The radiologists made estimates of the individual breast composition (% glandular/adipose ratio) at the film reporting sessions, and then the glandular doses were calculated by the auditor according to the NCRP 85 methodology.Arising from the data analysis of this dosimetry survey, a method is proposed to determine objectively patient breast composition from the photo‐timed mAs for a given film optical density setting. This permits the NCRP calculations to be extended from breasts of ‘average’(50/50) composition to breasts of individually determined composition.The diversity of the results between the three locations emphasises the need for regular audits of a mammographic X‐ray unit's performance by an experienced radiological physicist, at least annually or after any major interventional service on

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThirty‐five hypertensive patients, consecutively studied between 1986 and 1991, were retrospectively reviewed, to compare Technetium‐99m (99mTc) DTPA renal scanning for renal artery stenosis with angiography. Ten patients were on chronic angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor medication and 20 underwent angioplasty of their stenoses. In patients not on ACE inhibitors the renal scan specificity was 83%, sensitivity 82%, negative predictive value 89% and positive predictive value 74%. In the 10 patients on ACE inhibitors the specificity was 67% (relatively more stenoses of<50% were reported in this group), sensitivity 100%, negative predictive value 100% and positive predictive value 60%. Low levels of function (<10mL/min/1.73m2) in 9 kidneys did not militate against diagnoses that correlated well with angiography. Hence, renal scanning, particularly with ACE inhibition, is efficacious in the evaluation of possible renal artery stenosis.With a mean follow‐up period of 29 months after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA), four patients had clinical improvement of hypertension control. Each had pre‐PTA total glomerular filtration rates (GFR) of approximately 75mL/min/1.73m2. No improvement was detected in cases with pre‐PTA total GFR of<50mL/min/1.73m2. This may be the level of renal function below which PTA therapy or surgery will not provid

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYCholecystokinin hepatobiliary (CCK‐HIDA) scintigraphy is used to triage patients with chronic abdominal pain and suspected gall‐bladder dysfunction. This study evaluates the predictive value of CCK‐HIDA for clinical outcome after surgical and medical therapy. Fifty‐six patients (45 females), mean age 43 ± 9 years, with otherwise normal investigations, including normal ultrasound, fasted for more than 8h and then had 70MBq technetium‐99m‐EHIDA injected. One and a half hours later 15ng/kg CCK was infused over 45min. Seventy minutes dynamic imaging commenced 5 min prior to infusion. An abnormal gall‐bladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was defined as<50%. Patients were treated medically, or by cholecystectomy, depending on the surgeon's overall assessment, including results of the CCK‐HIDA study. Patient status was then obtained in 51/56 patients at least 3 months after the scan or at least 1 month after surgery. All surgical specimens were reviewed independently for pathological changes of chronic acalculous cholecystitis.Of the 11 patients with an abnormal gall‐bladder ejection fraction, nine (82%) underwent cholecystectomy, all of whom achieved total symptomatic cure, while two patients underwent other therapy, both of whom remained symptomatically unchanged. Of the 40 patients whose gall‐bladder ejection fraction was normal, only five (12.5%) underwent cholecystectomy, of whom four were cured and one partially improved at follow up. Of the 35 patients with a normal gall‐bladder ejection fraction and who underwent forms of therapy other than cholecystectomy, nine were cured symptomatically, 13 improved, 10 remained unchanged and three were symptomatically worse at follow up.The conclusions of the study were: (i) there is a high probability of cure after cholecystectomy in symptomatic patients with an abnormal CCK‐HIDA scan; and (ii) a normal CCK‐HIDA study does not exclude surgically curable gall‐bladder disease, and further careful clinical assess

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThirty Australian and New Zealand Radiation Oncology registrars, who were preparing for their final qualifying examinations, were surveyed about their attitudes to their training programmes. While two (7%) indicated that they had no structured tuition whatsoever, the majority 19 (63%) received on average 1–2 h per week, which was much less than their perceived need. Other areas of training considered deficient included exposure to currlculum requirements, peer support and access to other hospital specialty meetings. When asked about the concept of job rotation between training centres, 23 (77%) considered it to be potentially advantageous, with a majority preferring one such rotation of 6–12 months duration occurring in their third year, with a return to their base unit prior to final qualifying examinations. Limitations and potential benefits of the job rotation concept are discus

ISSN:0004-8461    

DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1673.1994.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY