摘要:

AbstractEthyl alcohol is known to stimulate gastric acid secretion in fundic pouch dogs during irrigation of the antrum. A comparison was made with regard to such an effect of a series of aliphatic alcohols including methyl, ethyl, n‐propyl, isopropyl, n‐butyl, isobutyl, sec‐butyl and tert‐butyl alcohol. Dogs provided with a Heidenhain or a Pavlov pouch and isolated, innervated antral pouch were used. The only alcohol besides ethanol that showed a potent stimulatory effect was n‐propyl alcohol. All other alcohols tested had an effect less than half of that of ethanol. A change from one stimulatory alcohol to the corresponding isocompound caused a marked decrease of the effect. Isopropyl alcohol, one of the “non‐stimulatory” aliphatic alcohols, did neither show a synergistic nor an inhibitory action on the effect of ethyl alcohol or n‐propyl alcohol during simultaneous administration, indicating almost no interference with gastrin release mechanisms. n‐Propyl alcohol together with ethyl alcohol showed a dose‐response related action. Methyl alcohol was almost inactive. The results indicate that the stimulatory effect of alcohols could not be related to water or fat solubility but to the mo

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVariations in gastric secretory response to antral application of ethanol were studied in Heidenhain and Pavlov pouch dogs with isolated, innervated antral pouch, to disclose the influence of instillation pressure, temperature, concentration, pH and ion composition. Secretory response increased in 2 of 5 dogs and remained unchanged in 3 dogs during rise of installation pressure from 0 cm H2O to 20–30 cm H2O. Secretory responses were essentially alike, whether alcohol solutions were administered at room temperature or at body temperature. Threshold stimulatory concentration was 2–4% (v/v), optimal effect occurred at 8–16%, a decrease was usually observed at 32%. Antrum pouches were perfused with buffered ethanol solutions at pH values between 7.0 and 1.0. No significant difference of the stimulatory effect was noted within the pH range 7.0–3.0. At pH 2.0 the stimulatory action was decreased by about 40% and at pH 1.0 almost totally suppressed. The slope of the pH curve seems to be independent of the ethanol concentration. The pH curves for the stimulatory effect of alcohol in the antrum and for vagus stimulation are almost identical. The ethanol effect was inhibited by high concentrations of K+ and Ca++ but uneffected by corresponding concentrations of Na+ a

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn rats pretreated with reserpine and nialamide the effect of sympathetic stimulation, 20 and 6 imp/sec, on the uptake of exogenous noradrenaline was studied in the adrenergic nerves of the iris and salivary glands using fluorescence and biochemical methods, respectively. The uptake of noradrenaline was smaller on the stimulated than on the unstimulated side. The results are discussed with respect to factors such as changes in the circulation, transmitter release during the stimulation, and the presence of an intermittent blockade of the membrane pump during the impulses. It is suggested that the latter mechanisms might be of some physiological importance.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of sympathetic nerve stimulation on the catecholamines (noradrenaline and dopamine) taken up and accumulated after i.v. administration was studied in the adrenergic nerves of rat iris with the fluorescence method and in the salivary glands with biochemical estimations after treatment with reserpine and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor. After administration of noradrenaline (0.1 mg/kg) the stimulation did neither cause a functional response in form of increased pupil diameter or bulb protrusion on the stimulation side, nor any decrease in the amount of noradrenaline accumulated in the examined organs on the same side. However, after administration of dopamine (1.0 mg/kg) there were clearcut functional responses on the stimulated side and a marked decrease of the levels of noradrenaline formed from dopamine. These results imply that exogenous noradrenaline cannot enter the proper sites for release by nerve impulses, 16 hrs after reserpine treatment, but that noradrenaline formed from exogenous dopamine in the doses used and after inhibition of monoamine oxidase can be released by nerve impulses in spite of reserpine pretreatment.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferent salt and acid solutions were applied in pairs with a short intervening water rinse to the tongue of the cat while the summated chorda tympani nerve response was recorded. It was observed that the first exposure usually depressed the response to the following one. The magnitude of the depression varied and depended on the solutions used. In general K2SO4and Li2SO4caused the strongest depression, while MgCl2and NaCl were most depressed. However, no substance was entirely inert in affecting the response to the second stimulus or was always unaffected by being the second. The results were discussed and subjected to comparison with earlier results. They were interpreted as being influenced by at least three different mechanisms.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe excitability properties of the sensory nerve and its finer branches in muscle spindle have been studied in isolated preparations using electrical stimulation of the nerve in conjunction with controlled extension of the spindle. Characteristic differences in recovery cycle were demonstrated between the trunk fibre and the intracapsular branches. The excitability of the afferent nerve was modified by stretch; during stretching there was a rise in excitability and a shortening of the recovery cycle in direct relation to the amount of stretch. These changes were related to the underlying receptor potential and to local currents in the nerve. In the aftermath of stretch the excitability of the nerve as tested with electrical shocks was raised This was in contrast to the depression in mechanical sensitivity as revealed by a test stretch. When an extra impulse was elicited by an electrical shock in the course of sustained stretch the succeeding spike train was shifted, its general pattern being unchanged. It appears that the interjected spike transiently wipes out the currents leading up to the generation of the succeeding spike and resets the impulse generating process. Considerations of the functional properties of the afferent fibre and its branches as found in the present study suggest that the sensory system of the muscle spindle acts in synchrony during stretch.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract3 groups of 20 mice were exposed to 4 atmospheres oxygen partial pressure with pure oxygen or nitrogen mixtures, containing 63 or 45% oxygen. The time was measured for the first 10 oxygen fits and for 50% of the animals to become unconscious. With both parameters, if anything, nitrogen seemed to decrease the sensivity of the mice for oxygen poisoning. Provided interspecies differences do not exist, this would imply that decompression‐free diving down to 23 m would be possible. The reasons are discussed for failures in earlier trials to decrease nitrogen partial pressure by adding oxygen to the breathing medium during divin

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04355.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe adrenergic innervation of the rat oviduct was studied by fluorescence microscopy. The outer half of the circular muscle layer was penetrated by a thin net of adrenergic nerve terminals throughout the isthmus. Adrenergic nerve terminals were scarcely seen in the muscular wall of the ampulla. In the mesotubarium close to the oviduct a dense net of adrenergic nerve terminals were observed. The functional role of the observations is discussed.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04356.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe noradrenaline content was determined in intact and atrophied rat salivary glands at different time intervals after reserpine treatment, both with and without previous monoamine oxidase inhibition. After reserpine administration there was no significant difference between the two glands in the rate of noradrenaline disappearance. The loss of noradrenaline was somewhat accelerated in rats given dry wheat starch (a procedure which has been shown to increase the impulse flow of the adrenergic nerves to the salivary glands), showing that the impulse flow in the adrenergic nerves influences the noradrenaline reduction. After monoamine oxidase inhibition reserpine produced a much slower noradrenaline reduction rate. After this treatment a slower decrease was observed in the atrophied glands than in the intact ones. The data in this study indicate that most of the noradrenaline after reserpine treatment is metabolized by means of intraneuronally localized monoamine oxidase.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04357.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGroups of fasted female rats were tube fed ethanol (6 g/kg b.w.), an isocaloric amount of glucose, or nothing. Half of the rats in each group were given hourly s.c. injections of nicotinic acid. 6 hrs after the feeding, 9–10‐H3oleic acid complexed to serum albumin was injected intravenously. 5 min later the rats were killed and concentrations of plasma free fatty acids and of liver glycerides and labeling of liver and carcass lipids was determined.Plasma free fatty acid concentrations were similar in the ethanol fed and the fasted rats but lower in the glucose fed rats. In all groups nicotinic acid lowered plasma free fatty acid concentration.Liver glyceride concentration was elevated in the ethanol fed rats. In all groups nicotinic acid lowered the liver glyceride concentration.Total liver radioactivity was highest in the ethanol fed rats, intermediary in the glucose fed rats and lowest in the fasted rats. The liver radioactivity was not significantly changed by nicotinic acid. It is suggested that the differences in liver radioactivity between the groups reflects differences in the oxidation of plasma free fatty acids taken up by the liver and that a major cause of the ethanol induced fatty liver is a decreased hepatic oxidation of plasma free fatty acids taken up at a normal r

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1969.tb04358.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY