摘要:

ABSTRACTIn vivoandin vitrostudies using the histochemical fluorescence technique of Falck and Hillarp were made on the submaxillary and sublingual glands of the rat after the administration of catecholamines or dopa, or the incubation of slices of the glands with the same drugs. Catecholamines and in all probability also L‐dopa were found to be bound extraneuronally in the salivary gland parenchyma under the conditions of the experiments. It is probable that the present experiments visualize the same type of extraneuronal binding as has been found with biochemical techniques. It appears that a certain activity of the parenchyma is necessary for the binding to occur. Apart from being a source of error in the evaluation of biochemical measurements, extraneuronal binding may be of importance related to transmitter mechanism

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03485.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe retention of radioactive noradrenaline (NA) was measured in different organs of immunosympathectomized (I.S.) mice 30 min after i.v. injection of dl‐NA‐7–3H (17.9 or 1.79μg/kg, S.A. 4.7 C/mmole). A striking decrease in the capacity to retain NA‐3H was observed in the heart (1.6 per cent of controls) and the submaxillary gland (4.1 per cent of controls). Immunosympathectomy was only partially effective in the intestine and colon (33 and 47 per cent of normal retention, respectively). By contrast, the retention of NA in the I.S. vas deferens was almost doubled. These data support previous investigations indicating that immunosympathectomy has a differential effect on adrenergic neurons located in different organs. A chromatographic analysis of the distribution of3H among the various NA‐metabolites was undertaken in the submaxillary gland, heart and vas deferens. Metabolites, for the most part methylated, accounted for a larger precentage of the total3H in the extracts from tissues of I.S. animals compared to controls. In the I.S. submaxillary glands of both the mouse and the rat the radioactivity retained after injection occurred mostly in the form of metabolites. Normetanephrine (NM) was predominant in the mouse, while both NM and acid metabolites were significant components in the rat gland. Oxidation to acid metabolites was more extensive in the I.S. heart of the rat compared to the mouse. The chromatography of the retained metabolites in the I.S. vas deferens was not qualitatively different from that of the no

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03486.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe output of hepatic bile was studied in 3 unanesthetized dogs with permanent external common duct fistulas during infusion of cholecystokinin‐pancreozymin preparations. The doses were such that the secretin content was negligible. Infusion during fasting doubled the output. Infusion during digestion of food with bile gave either a decrease of the output or an initial increase followed by a decrease. These patterns appear to be related to the gastric and duodenal activity during the experiments. Physiologic or pharmacologic interventions on hepatic bile output should thus be evaluated only when side effects on gastro‐intestinal motility and secretion can be exclu

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03487.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe characteristics of thirst elicited by injections of hypertonic NaC1‐solution into the 3rd brain ventricle were studied in goats supplied with permanent ventricular canola. Animals in normal water balance drank 1.5 to 2.0 1 of water within 2 min after the intraventricular injection of 0.1 ml of 0.85 M NaC1. In the hydrated animal this thirst response was markedly diminished or completely absent. If the goats were not allowed to quench their thirst immediately after the intraventricular injection of hypertonic NaC1, the urge to drink gradually became weaker and disappeared after about 20 min. Single or repetitive injections of 0.1 ml of 0.85 M NaCl into the 3rd brain ventricle were further found to cause a conspicuous increasz in urinary excretion of Na+ and C1– and to inhibit temporarily an established water diuresis. Aldosterone treatment did not prevent the increase in urinary electrolyte excretion occurrinz after injections of hypertonic NaCl into the 3rd ventricle.Repetitive injections of 0.1 ml of 0.85 M NH4Cl or of 1.7 M d‐glucose into the 3rd ventricle, or injections of 0.1 ml of 0.85 M NaCl into the lateral ventricle did not induce drinking or cause any increase in urinary electrolyte excr

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03488.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper presents a method of measuring small variations in electrolytic conductance applicable also to dynamic measurements. By means of a probe immersed in the solution a high‐frequency field is applied, variations in the absorption of which are detected by a special instrument, the H‐F reflectometer, and indicated on separate meters as changes in resistive and capacitive components of the combined impedance, of probe and electrolyte. At the frequency used, 1085 kc/s, absorption maximum occurs at conductivities around 10–4ohm‐1cm‐1, at which a change in conductivity of 10‐1ohm‐1cm‐1can be measured with reasonable accuracy in long‐term experiments and transient changes of 10–8ohm‐1cm‐1can be detected using variations in the capacitive component as index. By means of a graphical method an analysis is made of an equivalent circuit simulating the electrical properties of an electrolyte. It is shown that a series circuit of a varying resistance and a fixed‐value capacitance approximates several of the char

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03489.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe ionic efflux during a single action potential of the algaNitellopsis obtusawas recorded by measuring the increase in conductivity of the extracellular fluid. The conductivity changes are reflected as variations in absorption of a high‐frequency field applied by a specially designed probe placed in the external medium close to the alga and connected to a high‐frequency reflectometer. The combined characteristics of probe/solution and reflectometer are given. Most experiments were performed on algae in distilled water, comparative experiments with lake water having shown that this arrangement does not introduce any significant changes in the activation processes studied. The possibility of dynamic recording of ionic fluxes is illustrated by oscillograph records showing the temporal relation between the ionic concentration change and the action potential; that the method is suitable for quantitative measurements is demonstrated by inkwriter records showing the stepwise increases in concentration caused by intermittent stimulation during hour‐long experiments. Quantitative data on the increments in ionic concentration associated with a single impulse, and on the total increase resulting from a number of stimuli, are presented and compared with chemical analyses showing the ions involved to be K+and C1‐‐. Satisfactory correspondence was obtained between the values of the conductivity measurements, tentatively expressed as KC1 concentration, and the chemical analysis. The average values for the K+efflux were 2 times 103to 4 times 103pmole/cm2. impulse; preliminary studies showed the C1– efflux to be of approximately the

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03490.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTTo allow a critical evaluation of the Xe133clearance technique this method was compared with directly metered blood flow in the isolated gastrocnemius muscle of cats at different flow levels between rest and maximum exercise dilatation. Whether the Xe133was applied by close intraarterial injection or intramuscularly the clearance curve had a multiexponential course. This was ascribed partly to local variations of the affinity of the tissues to the gas but mainly to an uneven perfusion of the muscle. When the first phase of the clearance curve was approximated by a monoexponential curve and was taken to represent blood flow a significant correlation to metered flow was found. With i.a. injections the calculated flow amounted to an average of 93 per cent of the drop counter flow while after i.m. injections it only averaged 62 per cent. The difference in results is ascribed to the different microcirculatory conditions created by the two modes of injections. The relative volume of the well‐perfused part of the tissue was estimated by noting at which level of activity the curve deviated from the first phase of rapid clearance. The well‐perfused fraction increased at higher blood flows. It is concluded that the Xe133clearance technique may give valuable information about the local circulation provided the limitations of the method are conside

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03491.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTHemorrhagic anemia and lipemia was produced in 18 rats by daily bleedings of about 2 ml per 100 g of body weight during 6 days. Seventeen sham‐bled rats served as controls. In the bled rats the serum triglycerides increased to about twice their initial values during the experiment and a slight tendency of fat accumulation in the livers was observed. Radioacetate was injected i.p. on the 7th day of the experiment, and the recovery of the label in liver and serum total fatty acids and in triglyceride and phospholipid fractions, separated by thin layer chromatography, was estimated 45 min and 3 hrs after the injection. Significantly less radioacetate was incorporated into liver and serum total fatty acids in the bled rats than in the sham‐bled controls, but there were no remarkable differences between the bled and the sham‐bled groups in the relative distribution of the label in the triglyceride and phospholipid fractions of the liver and serum. This study, which is an extension of previous studies of the lipid metabolism in hemorrhagic lipemia, shows that an increasedde novosynthesis of fats can probably be ruled out as a cause of hemorrhagic li

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03492.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTIn the method described where the fluorescence of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) is read in 3 N HCl, tissue blanks are produced by means of UV‐irradiation in the presence of potassium ferricyanide. This treatment destroys only the 5‐HT but no other substance fluorescing at 295/545 mμ. With this new type of blank and by reduction of the volumes of the eluate and the reagents the sensitivity of the method is improved so that 25 ng (1 ng = 10‐9g) in an extract can be demonstrated and 50 ng determined quantitatively. The stability of 5‐HT in 0.4 N perchloric acid extract is increased by adjustment of the pH almost to neutrality and by addition of ascorbic acid and ethylenediamine tetraacetate. The recovery and reproducibility are

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03493.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTAfter a single dose of reserpine (1 mg/kg intravenously) to rabbits the symptoms appeared when most of the monoamines still were present in brain and heart. In long‐term reserpine treated rabbits (0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously daily for more than 8 weeks) the monoamine metabolism was studied with respect to normetanephrine, homovanillic acid and 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid. In the chronically treated animals the deaminated metabolites appeared essentially as after a single dose of reserpine whereas normetanephrine showed a slower recovery in the chronically treated animals. Gross inspection of behaviour and sympathetic activity following DOPA injection revealed no clearcut changes in the response to DOPA in rabbits chronically treated with reserpine compared to normal anim

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03494.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY