摘要:

Summary.If atropine sulphate, in doses of 0.2 g/kg, is given subcutaneously to mice, previously treated with iminodipropionitrile and showing “waltzing syndrome” with pronounced hyperactivity and compulsive, circling movements, these symptoms are greatly reduced. The effect of atropine generally lasts 3—6 hours; after 24 hours full hyperactivity has returned. The effect of atropine can then be rep

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. Between 0—40 μmoles of inorganic phosphate per ml of extracellular fluid was rate determining for aerobic glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. The oxygen uptake during aerobic glycolysis was either unaffected or slightly inhibited by phosphate.2. Aerobic glycolysis was accompanied by a reduction in cellular inorganic phosphate and an accumulation of total acid soluble organic phosphate, acid labile phosphate, hexosephosphates and ATP. The ATP increased at the expense of ADP and AMP. In IAA inhibited cells, acid soluble phosphate esters accumulated during aerobic glycolysis, but the total adenine nucleotides decreased markedly.3. Glycolysis as well as respiration greatly stimulated the uptake of P32into organic phosphate fractions, while the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the medium seemed to be a major factor determining the total uptake of P32by the ascites tumour cel

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. When glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells was limited by different concentrations of either IAA, phosphate or glucose, no direct correlation was revealed between the Crabtree effect and the glycolytic rate, or the concentrations of hexosephosphates and acid labile phosphate esters which accumulated during aerobic glycolysis.2. In DNP inhibited cells, incubated with 0—20 μmoles of inorganic phosphate per ml, a competition existed between glycolysis and respiration for the inorganic phosphate. In the presence of DNP, excess phosphate in the medium completely abolished the Crabtree effect.3. Evidence has been presented showing that the rate of glucose uptake in the ascites cells is determined by the inorganic phosphate in the medium taken up through the glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. This is explained by assuming that glycolytically generated ATP determines the rate of the hexokinase re

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. In Ehrlich ascites tumour cells partially blocked with malonate, the accumulation of citrate and alpha ketoglutarate was raised during aerobic glycolysis upon the addition of fumarate and citrate respectively.2. Fumarate, in contrast to citrate or alpha ketoglutarate, counteracted the Crabtree effect in cells partially blocked with malonate, in both the presence and absence of DNP. After a lag time succinate counteracted the Crabtree effect in trans‐aconitate blocked cells. The data suggest that during aerobic glycolysis respiration is limited by substrate phosphorylation(s) in the alpha ketoglutarate — succinate react

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. The aerobic inhibition of glucose utilizationi. e.the Pasteur effect in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells decreased when the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the medium and the level of intracellular inorganic phosphate increased. It was accompanied by a rise in acid soluble phosphate esters. A higher aerobic than anaerobic glucose uptake was observed in IAA inhibited cells, or by incubation in a strong phosphate buffer (negative Pasteur effect).2. In ascites tumour cells, partially blocked with malonate, fumarate in contrast to citrate, stimulated oxygen uptake and inhibited glycolysis (the malonate Pasteur effect). This effect also decreased when the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the medium and the level of intracellular, inorganic phosphate increased. It was inhibited by DNP and anaerobiosis.3. In glycolyzing cells, blocked with malonate, fumarate further enhanced the acid labile phosphate and ATP, in spite of the accompanying rise in oxygen uptake. Thus the Crabtree effect could not be explained by lack of total cellular inorganic phosphate or phosphate acceptors.4. The Pasteur and Crabtree effects in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells are explained by the preferential channeling of limited a‐mounts of cellular inorganic phosphate which is to some extent carried by adenine nucleotides into certain reactions at the expense of other

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. Noradrenaline added to homogenate of beef adrenal medulla is methylated to about 10 per cent after incubation in Krebs‐Ringer solution for 2 hours at pH 6.0 7.5 but not at pH 5.0. No ATP or methyl donors were added in these experiments.2. There was no indication of any inactivation during the incubation perio

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A method used for the intravenous assay of antidiuretic hormone in the goat is described. The useful range of doses of hormone is at least 2—6 m

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The arylsulphatase activity of rat liver was measured at different fetal age. An increase in this activity was associated with the increasing age of the fetus. Specimens from the same material were cultivated in free medium and on cellulose sponge. With the former cultivation method the enzyme activity disappeared whereas the sponge method gave constant readings for arylsulphatase activity. No increase in this activity took place, however, during the cultivation.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. The action of tetraethylammonium (TEA) on the contractions of the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation from kittens has been investigated and compared with the action on other mammalian nerve‐muscle preparations.2. TEA in a concentration of 1 mM increased the height of isotonically recorded muscle twitches about 20 to 30% after stimulation of the muscle both indirectly and directly after full curarization. No change in the muscle action potentials was observed after addition of TEA to a concentration of 1 mM. The β‐hydroxy‐derivative of TEA had a similar but slightly less potent effect on the twitch height.3. Addition of TEA to the bath fluid of the kitten diaphragm increased the isometric peak twitch tension and the time from stimulus to twitch peak without significant increase in the rate of rise of tension. The maximal tetanic tension was unaltered or lowered after addition of TEA. These changes can be accounted for by a prolongation of the active state of the muscle by TEA.4. TEA in a concentration of 1 mM did not significantly change the twitch height of isolated diaphragm preparations from rats, young guinea pigs or young rabbits. Injection of TEA (5 mg/kg) in rabbits and cats did not increase the twitch height of the hind limb muscles. The respiratory excursions of rabbits were unchanged while those of the cat increased markedly after this dose of TEA. It is concluded that the diaphragm muscle of kittens and of cats is more sensitive to TEA than the other mammalian muscles invest

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01560.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Typical calcified metastases were produced with AT 10 in the kidneys, stomachs, heart muscles and lungs of rats. Tetracycline given parenterally to these rats led to the appearance of regions in the calcified areas that fluoresced yellow in ultraviolet light. The intensity of the fluorescence was observed to increase in proportion to the dose of AT 10.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1958.tb01561.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY