摘要:

AbstractThe protein content of interstitial fluid and lymph from the same tissue was determined, fluid samples of nanolitre volumes being taken from the subcutaneous tissue of rabbits by micropuncture. In the same area lymph was collected from lymphatic vessels of 30–100 μm. An electrophoretic technique in poly‐acrylamide gels in glass capillaries was used for the analysis of proteins. The gels were stained and then scanned on a microscope equipped with a moving table and photomultiplier. The area under each protein band was calculated from the recorded densitograms. The method required only a few nanolitres of fluid for analysis. Using solutions of known protein concentrations the relationship between the amount of protein and the area under the densitogram band was investigated. This relationship was found to be linear, making it possible to quantify the protein content of both interstitial fluid and lymph samples. The interstitial fluid/plasma concentration ratios for albumin, transferrin, globulins and total proteins were 0.42, 0.42, 0.32 and 0.37. The albumin/globulin ratio in interstitial fluid was found to be 1.60 of the plasma value although the values obtained for lymph were similar to those found for interstitial fluid. The similarity between the protein concentration of interstitial fluid and lymph indicated that the endothelial lining of the terminal lymphatics did not restrict the passage of macromolecules into the lympha

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTransplantations were made of fetal pineal glands (crown‐rump length, CRL, 19–30 mm) or pineal glands from adult male rats to the anterior chamber of the eye of the rat. Studies were performed with regard to the importance of the age of the donor animal (and thereby the degree of maturation and innervation of the gland to be transplanted) for the possible development of denervation supersensitivity. The transplants were cultured in a medium containing14C‐serotonin. Increased production of14C‐N‐acetylserotonin (NAcS) was used as the main criterion for β‐adrenergic stimulation. 4 experimental groups were obtained by transplanting fetal or adult pineals to intact or sympathetically denervated eyes. In all 4 groups β1‐stimulation (KWD 2033 10‐6M) increased14C‐NAcS formation. The response to β‐stimulation was significantly higher in denervated fetal pineal transplants than in innervated fetal transplants and thus demonstrating β‐receptor supersensitivity. It was concluded that a) the ability to respond to β‐adrenoceptor stimulation with increased14C‐NAcS formation develops between the 18th and 20th day of gestation, b) transplants derived from fetal as well as from adult rats can respond to β‐adrenergic stimulation, c) this sensitivity also developsin oculoin transplants that at the time of transplantation lacked the capacity to increase their14C‐NAcS formation in response to treatment with β‐agonist, d) denervation supersensitivity occurs in fetal transplants that became mat

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of venous stasis of 40 mmHg upon blood flow in human skeletal muscle was studied in four normal subjects and in two chronically sympathectomized patients. Blood flow in skeletal muscle was measured by the local133Xenon washout technique. Blood flow decreased about 30 per cent during venous stasis of 40 mmHg. In a “passive vascular bed” induced by means of histamine, blood flow decreased only by 16 per cent, indicating that the decrease in blood flow is due to a vasoconstrictor response to increase in vascular transmural pressure. The vasoconstrictor response was unaffected by a spinal sympathetic blockade, but was blocked in areas infiltrated with lidocaine or with phentolamine. The vasoconstrictor response was present in the nonoperated limbs used as a control, but abolished in the denervated arms in the two chronically sympathectomized patients. The findings strongly suggest that the vasoconstrictor response in skeletal muscle is due to a local nervous mechanism involving adrenergic fibres. Thus a local reflex mechanism, most likely a sympathetic axon reflex, seems to be present in human skeletal muscle as in cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue. This indicates that about 45 per cent of the change in total vascular conductance, when a person changes from supine to upright position, is due to this local reflex mechanism operating independently of the central nervous sys

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe efflux of3H‐5‐HT from a crude synaptosome preparation of the cerebral cortex of reserpinized rats was examined. The synaptosomes were loaded with3H‐5‐HT by pre‐incubation of the homogenate in presence of pargyline and desipramine in order to inhibit deamination of 5‐HT and uptake into noradrenergic neurones. The synaptosomes were collected by centrifugation, washed and resuspended in 0.25 M sucrose. No spontaneous efflux of 5‐HT was detectable at 0°C but marked efflux was observed at 27°C and 37°C. 4‐Chloroamphetamine, low external Na+concentration, ouabain and the depolarizing agent veratridine markedly accelerated the initial (5 min) efflux. Inhibitors of the neuronal 5‐HT uptake,e.g.chlorimipramine, H 102/09 and A 23189, antagonized the 5‐HT efflux evoked by these means, whereas desipramine, which is a poor inhibitor of the 5‐HT uptake, had only slight effect on the 5‐HT efflux. It is suggested that 5‐HT can be actively transported out from the synaptosomes by the re

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe uptake of14C‐AIB into uterine tissue and some other organs was studied during early implantation. Mice in experimentally delayed implantation were given estrogen and14C‐AIB at different time intervals. Mice in delayed implantation given only14C‐AIB displayed a low transport rate into the uterine tissue, comparable with that for the diaphragm muscle. However, if the estrogen injection preceeded that of the14C‐AIB by 4 to 8 h the transport capacity increased by a factor of at least 4 times while the uptake for the diaphragm muscle remained low. Under such conditions14C‐AIB‐accumulation into uterine tissue was favoured for at least 4 h ofin vivoincubation with the labeled

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method permitting simultaneous recordingin vitroof the intracellular and extracellular (=mucociliary) activity of respiratory ciliated mucous membrane is presented. Using this method the influence of different temperature levels (20°, 30°, 40°C) upon the tracheal mucous membrane of 15 rabbits has been investigated. It is shown 1) that the extracellular (= mucociliary) activity increases with rising temperatures whereas the intracellular activity is unaffected and remains constant, indicating a temperature influence upon the respiratory tract mucus rather than a change of the intracellular “pace‐maker” mechanism; 21 that the restraining effect of the mucus decreases with rising temperatures but is still 10% of the intracellular frequency at body temperature; 3) that the presented method should be useful for future investigations concerning the effect of air‐pollution and pharmacological substances upon respiratory mucous

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe choline aeetyltransferase activity in parasympathetically decentralized glands was unaffected by repeated teeth amputations over a period of 2 weeks, while after the same period of time the treatment caused the enzyme activity to increase in innervated glands. It appears that the enzyme in the postganglionic nerve is for its activity dependent on an intact connection with the central nervous system. The increase in enzyme activity is attributed to an enhanced reflex stimulation of the glands from pulpal receptors.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe distribution of carbonic anhydrase activity in the intestinal tract of the guinea‐pig was studied by the histochemical method of Hansson. Enzyme activity was demonstrated in epithelial cells, erythrocytes and capillary walls. In the gastric mucosa parietal cells, surface mucous cells and neck mucous cells were highly active. In the small intestine only a few epithelial cells on the villi and in the upper part of the crypts showed enzyme activity. They seemed to be randomly scattered among inactive ones. It is not clear at present if they represent a distinct cell type or specialized absorptive cells. In the proximal colon most surface epithelial cells were highly active (goblet cells were inactive), whereas the surface cells in the distal colon showed less activity with a more varying degree of staining. In the cecum enzyme activity was found in the surface epithelium and in the upper part of the crypts, the staining being most marked at the luminal border of the surface cells. The staining reaction was completely inhibited in all tissues by 10 μMacetazolamide, except for the luminal staining of the cecum, which was inhibited only by 100 μMacetazolamide. This indicates the presence of high concentrations of carbonic anhydrase, probably of the “low activity” form, at this locus. Mucosal scrapings were taken from the intestinal tissues, homogenized and assayed for carbonic anhydrase activity by a changing‐pH indicator method. The results confirm those of previous studies and correlate well with the histochemical

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cod heart regulation has been investigated by anatomical studies, fluorescent histochemistry, nerve stimulation and drug effects on the perfused heart and electrically paced strips. The effect on the heart of catecholamine release from the head kidney has been studied in a perfused head kidney and heart preparation. Branches of the vagi and the fused 1st and 2nd spinal nerves innervate the heart. Specifically fluorescent fibres were found in these nerve branches, in the ducts of Cuvier, all parts of the heart, bulbus arteriosus and the ventral aorta. Weakly autofluorescent ganglion cells surrounded by specifically fluorescent varicose fibres were present in the walls of the sinus venosus. Vagal stimulation caused bradycardia altered after atropine to tachycardia. Spinal nerve and sympathetic chain stimulation also induced tachycardia, as did provoked catecholamine release from the head kidney. The tachycardia could be blocked by propranolol. Atropine increased and propranolol decreased basic heart rate and contraction force. Adrenergic drugs accelerated and acetylcholine retarded the perfused heart. A positive inotropic effect was obtained with adrenergic drugs on isolated heart strips, while acetylcholine produced a negative inotropic effect on atrial but not ventricular strips. It is concluded from this study that the cod heart has an inhibitory cholinergic nerve supplyviathe vagi and an excitatory adrenergic supplyviaboth the vagi and the first spinal nerves. Sympathetically controlled release of catecholamines from the chromaffin tissue in the head kidney may also play an important role in the heart regulation.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe response to combinations of gastric acid secretagogues was studied in isolated glands from the rabbit gastric mucosa in terms of changes in oxygen consumption and accumulation of the weak base aminopyrine (AP). The latter reflects the acid secreting status of the glands. The following secretagogues were investigated: histamine, carbachol, aminophylline and db‐cAMP. The histamine respiratory dose‐response curve was shifted to the left in the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor aminophylline. Both ED‐50 and maximum response were significantly increased. Histamine‐induced AP accumulation was also strongly enhanced by aminophylline (5 × 10‐4M). These results are consistent with the hypothesis that histamine stimulation of acid secretion is mediated by cyclic AMP. Carbachol‐stimulated oxygen consumption could not be potentiated by aminophylline and the combined effect was only additive. The response to a combination of histamine and carbachol was a significant increase in oxygen consumption above what could be expected from an additive effect alone. Carbachol addition to glands prestimulated with histamine gave a rapid increase in the respiratory rate resulting in a new steady state level within 10–15 min, as compared with a time constant of about 40 min when both drugs were added simultaneously. Likewise AP accumulation increased more rapidly and reached a higher value after addition of histamine + carbachol as compared with histamine alone. The db‐cAMP‐stimulated oxygen consumption was in all respects equally affected by carbachol as was histamine stimulation. This indicates that the well known cholinergic potentiation of histamine stimulation is not due to an increased sensitivity of the histamine receptor but is of a more general nature. A mechanism involving intracellular availability of Ca2+is proposed as one possible explanation of

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1977.tb10354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY