摘要:

AbstractOptokinetic nystagmus was examined and registered electronystagmographically in the cases of 21 healthy subjects where the angular speed of optical stimulation was successively increased until the eyes could no longer follow the black and white bands on the optokinetic screen (the “optokinetic fusion limit”, OFL). This limit was also examined under the effect of a small dose of alcohol intravenously 0.8–1.6 g (concentration in serum of up to 5 mg/100 ml). The results showed a statistically significant decrease in OFL (P<0.01). It is pointed out that the effect of small doses of alcohol on the eye movements is similar in certain respects to that of the barbiturates. No information concerning the exact site of action of alcohol on the central nervous system may be implied from those

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02345.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe activity of phosphorylase was studied in smooth muscle. The ratio of phosphorylaseatobwas higher in smooth than striated muscle. The total phosphorylase activity in bovine tracheal muscle was approximately 10 per cent of that in rabbit skeletal muscle. Adrenaline, which had a relaxing and glycogenolytic effect in tracheal muscle also stimulated the phosphorylase activity therein. The relaxing and the phosphorylase‐activating effects were not so closely linked, however, as to be suggestive of a causal relationship. In mesenteric arteries where adrenaline increased the tone and depressed glycogenolysis it had no demonstrable effect on the phosphorylase activit

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02346.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOxygen uptake in the skeletal muscles of cat hind legs was calculated from arterial and venous oxygen saturation and muscle blood flow. During increased blood flow due to vasodilator nerve activity the oxygen uptake declined after an initial increase. Augmented muscle blood flow due to inhibition of vasoconstrictor nerve activity led to an increased oxygen uptake. After experimental exclusion of other alternatives, it is suggested that activation of sympathetic vasodilator nerves produces an arteriolar dilatation with a shift in the pattern of flow within the postarteriolar vessels. Inhibition of vasoconstrictor nerve activity seems to dilate both arterioles and precapillary sphincters

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02347.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractArteriovenous (A‐V) extraction of rubidium ‐86 was continuously recorded in isolated skeletal muscles of dogs and cats perfused with blood at constant flow. In a few experiments, A‐V extraction of oxygen was measured also. The sympathetic trunk, still connected to the muscle, was stimulated electrically under various conditions. Excitation of sympathetic adrenergic vasoconstrictor nerves produced an increase in vascular resistance and a decrease in Rb86and O2transport. These effects were graded in relation to stimulus frequency, persistent throughout continued stimulation and large enough to be of importance at low, physiological frequencies. The changes in vascular resistance and blood‐tissue transport are mechanically independent. Both are mediated by preganglionic fibers of similar properties, but it is not possible to tell if the same or different fibers are involved. The reduction in transport is considered to result mainly from restriction of the number of open capillaries, due to closure of precapillary sphincters, with some contribution from a decrease in the uniformity of circulation through those parts of the capillary network remain

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02348.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPressure‐flow curves, representing various states of vascular tonus were obtained in isolated skeletal muscles of dogs and cats perfused with blood at constant flow. The arteriovenous (A‐V) extraction of rubidium‐86 was also continuously recorded. Metabolic vasodilatation and vasodilatation due to inhibition of the activity in the vasoconstrictor nerves induced a decrease of vascular tonus and an augmented blood‐tissue transport. Vasodilatation due to excitation of cholinergic vasodilator nerves produced a decrease in peripheral resistance amounting to about 70 per cent of the decrease caused by metabolic vasodilatation. Vasodilator nerve activity did not produce any consistent change in blood tissue transport. It is considered that vasodilator nerve activity produces an arteriolar dilatation, whereas vasodilatation due to inhibition of vasoconstrictor nerve impulses or followed by muscular contraction induces relaxation of smooth muscles in both arterioles and precapillary sp

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02349.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFibres of the ventral spino‐cerebellar tract have been identified by antidromic activation from the anterior cerebellar lobe cortex. These neurones received polysynaptic excitation and inhibition from flexor reflex afferents in both contralateral and ipsilateral nerves and some were, in addition, monosynaptically activated from contralateral group I muscle afferents. The conduction velocities of the fibres ranged from 70 to 120 m/sec. Most fibres terminated contralaterally in a longitudinal zone consisting of a medial strip of the intermediate cortex and a lateral strip of the vermal corte

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02350.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo pathways with axons ascending in the ventral part of the cord have been identified as not belonging to the ventral spinocerebellar tract because the axons could not be antidromically activated from the cerebellar cortex. One pathway ascends to the lower brain stem, is polysynaptically activated from the flexor reflex afferents of a bilateral receptive field, and receives strong excitatory and inhibitory actions from the anterior cerebellar lobe. The other pathway, with unknown Termination, is polysynaptically activated from the flexor reflex afferents of a contralateral receptive field, and is not influenced from the anterior cerebellar lobe.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02351.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractC14‐palmitic acid bound to albumin was injected into normal and ethionine‐treated fasted female rats. Plasma, liver and carcass lipids were isolated and their specific activities determined. The initial halflives of the injected label were 0.61 and 0.92 minutes, the concentrations of plasma FFA 1.0 ± 0.3 and 1.6 ±; 0.4 μeq/ml, and the fluxes of plasma FFA calculated from this data, 9.0 and 9.3 μeq/min in the normal and ethionine‐treated rats respectively. The fraction of the plasma FFA flux taken up by the liver was about the same in the two groups, namely about 30 %. The initial incorporation of label into the liver NFFA was similar. The further metabolism of liver NFFA was slower in the ethionine‐treated group. Differences in liver PLFA metabolism were slight. In the normal rats a flux of approximately 10 % of the injected label through the plasma TGFA pool took place from 10–40 minutes after the injection. In the ethionine‐treated rats this flux was less than 1 %. The concentrations of plasma TGFA and PLFA were also lowered in the ethionine‐treated rats. The oxidation of the injected label was slower in the ethionine‐treated rats than in the normal ones. The accumulation of NFFA in the livers of the ethionine‐treated rats appears at least in part to be due to decreased transport of fatty acids from the liver in the form of plasma TGFA. Other factors may be depressed oxidation of fatty acids in the liver and/or increased liver

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02352.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1‐G14‐palmitic acid bound to albumin has been injected intravenously to carbohydrate‐fed male rats and plasma, liver, adipose tissue and carcass activities studied. The halflife of the injected label was 0.61 min. It was estimated that 30 % of the plasma FFA flux was taken up by the liver; 70 %, by the body remainder. 5 min after the injection 97 % of the label recovered from the liver was in esterified form. More label entered the liver NFFA pool than the liver PLFA pool. The turnover rate of liver NFFA was higher than that of liver PLFA. The same relations held for plasma NFFA and PLFA. During the first hour about 3 % of the label was found in adipose tissue. No major differences were found between samples of perirenal, epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue. 80 min after the injection liver and plasma lipids had the same specific activities indicating that these pools had equilibrated. At 24 hours these pools still had higher specific activities than the carcass lipids, indicating that complete mixing had still not taken

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02353.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of nerve stimulation was studied on the isolated nerve‐vas deferens preparation from the guinea‐pig suspended in Tyrode solution to which various drugs were added. Azamethonium, hexamethonium, tetraethyl‐ammonium, lobeline and nicotine in ganglionic blocking concentrations inhibited the response to hypogastric nerve stimulation. The block caused by nicotine was generally preceded by a period of potentiation. The other substances produced inhibition without potentiation. The site of action of the ganglionic blocking agents is discussed and it is considered that they may act on 1) a synapse proper 2) chromaffin cells, or 3) “nonspecifically” on the nerve

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1962.tb02354.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY