摘要:

Earlier we observed electronmicroscopically an unidentified but neuron‐like subepithelial cell in the crypts of the rat ileum. We have now studied some immunocytochemical characteristics of similar cells in the fluorescence microscope by indirect immunofluorescence. Three markers for neuronal tissues were used: 1) Monoclonal Thy‐1‐antibodies, demonstrated previously to recognize surface antigens of thymus‐derived cells and nervous tissue; 2) Tetatus toxin, which binds to the GTIganglioside receptor of nerve cells, and to some other neuronal receptor; and 3) Anti‐Protein I‐IgG, which is monospecific for Protein I located in synaptic vesicle membranes. The various antisera used for secondary incubations all reacted with leucocytes and other connective tissue cells in the villous cores. When the specific primary antisera of Thy‐1 and Protein I, and tetanus toxin, were included, a small number of spindle‐shaped cells with two processes, extending just beneath the basal lamina of the epithelium, was observed. These cells had a similar location and appearance as the neuron‐like cells observed electronmicroscopically and may be identical with these cells. These results give further evidence that cells with neuron‐like characteristics are present in the mucous layer of

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07365.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In absence of β‐receptor blocking agents, α‐adrenergic inotropic effects could be demonstrated in the rat myocardium for the synthetic α‐agonists phenylephrine and methoxamine, but not for the naturally occurring catecholamines, adrenaline and noradrenaline. Other synthetic α‐agonists were without effects. In the presence of the β‐receptor blocking agent, propranolol or timolol, marked α‐effects were demonstrated for adrenaline and noradrenaline in both the right and left atria and the right ventricle. The results indicate that α‐receptors may be functionally important in the

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07366.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Three experiments were designed to study the lysosomal changes associated with the development and maintenance of the endurance training induced resistance against exercise injuries in mouse skeletal muscles. The activities of arylsulphatase, cathepsin C, cathepsin D, and β‐glucuronidase were assayed from the red part of mouse quadriceps femoris muscle 4 days after prolonged strenuous running of 4–9 h duration. Exercise injuries were characterized by necrotic fibers and focal inflammation. Strenuous running of untrained mice induced necrotic lesions and a 4–5 fold increase in the activities of lysosomal enzymes. This lysosomal response was considerably reduced already by daily training bouts on the 3 days preceding the strenuous exertion. Simultaneously exercise injuries were markedly reduced. Extending the endurance training program increased the running ability of mice and further reduced the necrotic lesions and lysosomal changes induced by the strenuous exercise. The detraining of 1 week after the termination of regular endurance training considerably increased the degree of exercise induced lysosomal response. The detraining of longer durations further increased the lysosomal response and no effect of prior endurance training existed after 1 month detraining. Our observations suggest that the severity of exercise injuries is related to the strength of the exercise stimulus and the level of preceding physical activity and can be characterized by the lysosomal c

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Binding of125I‐[Tyr8]‐SP to isolated pancreatic acinar cells was inhibited in a concentration‐dependent way by SP, [Tyr8]‐SP and longer C‐terminal fragments of SP. SP6–11was the shortest sequence to bind significantly to SP‐receptors as well as to stimulate amylase release from dispersed pancreatic acini. SP7–11and shorter fragments did not inhibit binding of125I‐[Tyr8]‐SP and did not stimulate secretion of amylase significantly. SP augmented the stimulatory effect of cholecystokinin on amylase release. Two SP‐antagonists, [D‐Pro2, D‐Trp7, 9]‐SP and [D‐Pro2, 4, D‐Lys3, D‐Gln5, 6, D‐Trp7, 9]‐SP inhibited binding of125I‐[Tyr8]‐SP in a concentration dependent manner and tended at a high concentration to reduce release of amylase

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of the substance P analogue (D‐Arg1, D‐Pro2, D‐Trp7, 9, Leu11)‐SP on the ocular inflammatory responses (miosis, vasodilation, protein leakage into the aqueous humour and eye pressure rise) to antidromic trigeminal nerve stimulation (trigeminal stimulation), intracameral injections of substance P (SP), capsaicin, prostaglandin E1(PGE1), compound 48/80 and histamine were investigated in albino rabbits. The effects of nerve blockade with tetrodotoxin and blockade of histamine receptors on the responses to compound 48/80 and histamine were also investigated. Histamine H, receptors were blocked with clemastin and H2receptors with cimetidin. Formation of endogenous prostaglandins was prevented with indomethacin. The pupil size and the eye pressure were measured. The aqueous humour was collected immediately after the animal was killed, and analyzed for protein concentration. (D‐Arg1, D‐Pro2, D‐Trp7, 9, Leu11)‐SP had no significant miotic effect, but tended to cause a break‐down of the blood‐aqueous barrier. Miosis caused by SP, trigeminal stimulation, capsaicin, PGE1, compound 48/80 or histamine was blocked by (D‐Arg1, D‐Pro2, D‐Trp7, 9, Leu11)‐SP. Histamine miosis was significantly reduced by blockade of nerve conduction or histamine receptors, while miosis caused by compound 48/80 was not. Nerve blockade abolished the rise in intraocular pressure caused by compound 48/80. Our results indicate that (D‐Arg1, D‐Pro2, D‐Trp7, 9, Leu11)‐SP is a specific SP blocker in the sphincter pupillae muscle. They are strong evidence for the hypothesis that trigeminal stimulation and capsaicin cause miosis by release of SP or a related substance (SPLI), and it seems likely that the miosis caused by PGE1and compound 48/80 is also caused by SPLI release. Histamine miosis is probably mediated both by SP receptors and histamine receptor

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The influence of various α‐adrenoceptor antagonists (phentolamine, yohimbine, R 28935, prazosine, terazosine) on clonidine's blood pressure effects at different steady state plasma concentrations was investigated in awake spontaneous hypertensive rats. Clonidine's threshold (>10 mmHg,<20 mmHg) antihypertensive effect was potentiated by phentolamine but opposed by centrally acting antagonists as was the maximal antihypertensive effect. The pressor response on the other hand was blocked by peripherally acting α‐1‐and α2‐antagonists. The effect of clonidine on blood pressure thus seems a consequence of both the tissue distribution and the α‐adrenoceptor affinity. At low steady state plasma concentrations of clonidine a peripheral action could be a part of the antihypertens

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human ability to detect small changes in the inspired volume was tested in four healthy subjects. The tested volume changes were achieved by: 1) displaying breathing volume continuously to the subject on the screen of an oscilloscope, the vertical gain of which was changed by the experimenter, and 2) breathing small amounts of CO2(0.02–2.0%) in air. The subject was asked to signal, by pressing a button, every time two consecutive breaths differed from the reference level. The six tested volume changes corresponded to 15–65% of the reference, when changes in eupneic tidal volume were tested, and to 15–45% when changes in three reference volume levels, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 times the resting tidal volume, were tested. The just noticeable difference (JND) was defined as the volume change detected in 50% of the trials. The obtained results showed that the JND for volume corresponds to a volume change of 120–160 ml (23–28% of the reference) when the resting tidal volume was used as the reference. For the three reference volumes, the JND was found to be a nearly constant fraction (0.25–0.29) of the reference volume and thus followed the ‘classical’ Weber law (JND/reference stimu

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Ability to judge ventilation (V̇1) and respiratory rate (RR) was examined in healthy subjects using the standard psychophysical technique of magnitude production. The relationships between objective and subjective magnitudes of V̇1could be adequately described by power function with the mean exponent 1.9. The mean deviation from the regression line was 3.0%. The requested levels of V̇1were produced either by changing tidal volume (VT) or RR. Changes in VTresulted in higher exponents of V̇1judgment. When requesting the subjects to keep V̇1constant by matching either VTwith the imposed changes in RR or vice versa, the lesser acuity was found in adjusting RR to VTthan in matching VTwith RR. The results indicate that V̇1is judged on the basis of either VTor RR and is not treated as a concept in its own power. The ‘RR’ experiments consisted of assessment of RR and breath duration. The relationships between objective and subjective magnitudes of these two parameters were characterized by power functions with the exponents 1.0 and 1.2 respectively and mean deviation from the regression line of 13%. It is speculated that difficulties in adjusting RR to VTdepended on a lesser precision in RR

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1984.tb07372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY