摘要:

Summary.Renal blood flow has been estimated by measuring the venous return from both kidneys simultaneously in acute experiments on rabbits.Control experiments showed no significant difference between the two normal kidneys.From 1 to 17 weeks after ligation of one ureter the blood flow was reduced to about 40 percent on the obstructed side while there was a corresponding increase on the other side. The alterations developed rapidly during the first week and were fairly constant after the fourth week of obstruction.Kidney weight increased markedly on the obstructed sideduring the first three weeks while there was a slight increase only on the other side.Pelvic fluid pressure increased during the first two weeks whereafter a slow fall was observed. The quantity of fluid. on the other hand, increased up to the sixth week.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Zusammenfassung.Die von den phaäomenalen optischen Dimensionen der Fläche und der Intensität aufgespannte Mannigfaltigkeit ist ein »Teilraum« der Gesichtsmannigfaltigkeit. Es wird experimentell gezeigt, dass die Struktur dieses Gesichtsraumes eine euklidisch‐pythagoreische ist. Ihre Eigeiimetrik. die durch die Unterschiedsschwellen angegeben ist, ist quadratisch. Die Bedeutung dieses Verhaltens für die Theorie der Sinne wird besprochen, wobei insbesonders gezeigt wird, wie im Falle des »Gesichtsteilraumes« die dargegebene Strukturlehre der Sinne die Reiz‐Summationstheorien überflüssig macht. In einem philosophischen Kommentar wird schliesslich versucht. die erwiesene Isomorphie der Strukturen der phänomenalen Gesichtsmannigfaltigkeit und des begrifflichen euklidisch‐pythagoreischen Raumes, als eine thematisierte Deduktion (imKantisclien Sinne) der letzteren Mannigfaltigkeit aus der ersteren darzulegen. Eine Verharmlosung der Isomorphie, als eines Beispieles der pythagoreischen Struktur im »Falle« der Gesichtsmannigfaltigkeit möchten wir ablehnen und das Verhaltnis von Phänomenalität und Begrifflichkeit, hier der Strukturen des Gesichtssinnes und des euklidisch‐pythagoreischen Raumes genetisch, entwickelungsmässig versteheii. Dies dürfte man als eine Thematisierung der Kantischen Lehre von der transzendentalen Deduktion der Begriffe aus der Anschauung, für den speziellen exakten Fall der Sinneslehre, auffassen können.um Schluss danken wir herzlich

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effect of adrenaline on the glycogen metabolism of smooth muscle was investigated in experiments on rabbit gut, bovine tracheal muscle and coronary arteries, and guinea‐pig uterus. The glycogenolytic effect was correlated with the lactic acid stimulating and the relaxing effects.On rabbit gut, adrenaline had only a glycogenolytic effect in the absence of glucose. The decrease of glycogen was substantially less than the equivalent increase in the lactic acid content, and occurred later than the lactic acid production.In experiments on tracheal muscle adrenaline had a glycogenolytic effect of the same order of magnitude as the lactic acid production. Adrenaline and c had a synergistic glycogenolytic action, but an antagonistic effect on the tonus.Glycolysis inhibiting substances such as Cu++, Ca++, NaF, NaN3, and Na2HAsO4, which inhibited the lactic acid producing and the relaxing effects of adrenaline, similarly depressed its glycogenolytic action on tracheal muscle. With partial inhibition of the relaxing effect, the same applied to the glycogenolytic one too.Calcium ions and sodium azide had a stimulating effect on the glycogenolysis, but other glycolysis inhibiting drugs reduced the spontaneous glycogenolysis.Glucose abolished the blocking action of sodium azide on adrenaline's relaxing effect.In coronary arteries adrenaline produced glycogenolysis equivalent to the lactic acid production.On guinea‐pig uterus adrenaline had only a glycogenolytic effect in the experiments where distinct inhibition of the tonus or pendulum movements was obtained; in those where the relaxing effect was absent, the glycogen content rose in relation to the controls.Coriand Sutherland(1951) showed that adrenaline stimulates glycogenolysis in liver tissue and striated muscle by activating the enzyme phosphorylase, which catalyzes the reaction glycogen + phosphoric acid ⇌ glucose‐1‐phosphate. The effect of adrenaline on the glycogenolysis and lactic acid production in smooth muscle cannot be attributed solely to activation of this reaction; rather, adrenaline probably has at least one further point of interference in the carbohydrate m

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effect of adrenaline, noradrenaline and lactic acid was investigated on isolated coronary vessels from cow.All these substances had a relaxing effect, coincident with an increase in the lactic acid content of the smooth muscle. The respective effects produced by adrenaline and noradrenaline were of similar magnitude to those induced by addition of lactic acid.Cu++ions totally inhibited the relaxing and lactic‐acid‐producing effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on coronary vessels. The former effect was also completely abolished by other glycolysis inhibiting substances such as monoiodoacetic acid, sodium fluoride, dl‐glyceraldehyde, sodium azide, sodium arsenate and Ca+. ions, as well as by an increase in the alkalinity of the nutrient solution.The effect of other spasmolytics, such as theophylline, was not inhibited by glycolysis inhibiting substances or alkalization of the nutrient solution.These results suggest that the relaxing effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on isolated blood vessels is due to their ability to stimulate the lactic acid production in the muscle

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Hip seed extracts prepared by repeated precipitation with alcohol or trirhloracetic acid extraction and barium fractionation were observed to block:(1)The histamine liberation produced in perfused cat's paw by 48/80 and by extracts from jellyfish (Cyanea capillata) and the eelworm of swine (Ascaris lumbricoides).(2) The rupture of mast cells produced by the same three agents.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The noradrenaline excretion figures in adrenalectomized patients were significantly increased during tilting head‐up + 750as compared with the figures during recumbency, indicating that reflex activation of the vasomotor system causes an overflow of neurotransmitter into the circulating blood from where it can be partly recovered in the urin

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01390.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. The degradation of added histamine by crude extracts of kidney and small intestinal mucosa from adult cats was studied by measuring the oxygen consumption manometrically and by observing the loss of biological activity.2. It was found that these extracts contained a histamine degradating enzyme with the characteristics of diamine oxidase.3. No conclusive evidence was found in these experiments for the action of a histamine inactivating enzyme other than diamine oxidase.

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01391.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A clear sex difference in behavior in standing equilibrium has been observed. Swaying in young women is significantly wider than that in young men, and the numbness of the soles due to standing in ice water and closing the eyes noticeably increases swaying in women, but not in men. This difference between the sexes and some other observations on the maintenance of standing equilibrium can be explained by the following hypothesis: If muscular strength is great, muscular myotatic stretch reflexes are used almost exclusively in the maintenance of standing equilibrium, and in this case the amplitude of swaying is small. If muscular strength is not great, other afferent parts, the soles and sight

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01392.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.1. Eating and drinking behaviour have been studied in mice made obese by injection of goldthioglucose.2. Continuous recordings of food and water intake showed that the obese mice ate less frequently but much larger average amounts of food compared to the control animals.3. It is suggested that because of damage to structures in the ventro‐medial parts of the hypothalamus in the obese mice, these animals are more dependent on the peripheral mechanisms regulating food intake, such as that referable to the gastrointestinal tract.4. The obese mice were not able to compensate with increased food intake when kaolin as caloric inert material was added to the diet.5. The control animals compensated for kaolin added to the diet by increasing the meal frequency or the amount of food eaten each time or by a combination of both.6. The obese mice showed little ability to increase their food intake when forced to exercise or when exhibiting a progressively increasing “spontaneous” activity.7. Continuous recordings of water consumption showed that no damage to the mechanisms regulating water intake was incurred in this type of ob

ISSN:0001-6772    

DOI:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1957.tb01393.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1957

数据来源: WILEY