摘要:

The article discusses the total care of the burn patient in the field. It examines several special types of injuries as well as associated trauma; it also reviews scene safety and how responders can protect bystanders as well as themselves during an emergency involving burn injury.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Procedures and assessments of the burn patient performed during the resuscitative phase will have a far reaching effect on the resultant disability or function of the patient. The burn patient must be evaluated in the same manner as other trauma patients with a complete assessment. This evaluation includes the ABCs (Airway, Breathing, Circulation) of resuscitation, recognition of any associated life-threatening injuries, and determination of significant associated illnesses that might complicate the healing of the burn wound. Attention is then given to the burn injury itself. The estimation of the depth and extent of the burn directs the course of treatment, Intravenous fluid replacement, and the need for hospitalization. Hospitalization usually is required for burns of the young and aged and when the hands, feet, face, and perineum are involved. Electrical and chemical burns present unique problems that require special attention for an optimal outcome.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A variety of indicators must be reviewed on the assessment of the severity of a burn injury. Although burn depth and surface area injured are two important criteria in determining burn severity, they are not the only factors. A full assessment of the patient's physical status, medical history, and mode of injury is essential in determining overall burn severity. The American Burn Association criteria for transfer to a burn center should be reviewed when the patient's level of care needs are being determined.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The degree of pulmonary injury experienced by the burn patient is extremely variable. A working knowledge of the burning environment and the individual's condition on the scene can provide vital information for successful management of these injuries. Carbon monoxide and cyanide poisoning are major offenders in these injuries. Airway control and oxygen therapy combined with rapid transport to a burn treatment center offer these patients the best chance for recovery. On the patient's arrival to a burn center, rapid assessment of the pulmonary insult by an experienced triage team is of paramount importance. Early laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy are essential to quantify the degree of injury. Delivery of high-concentration oxygen, endotracheal intubation, close ventilator management, and aggressive pulmonary toilet help these patients avoid the early respiratory complications common to this type of injury.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Surgical procedures in the burn patient can be divided into three phases: resuscitative, wound coverage, and reconstructive. The procedures performed during the emergent phase are usually of a life- or limb-saving nature. After the patient is resuscitated, the process of removing the full-thickness necrotic burn is undertaken with subsequent wound coverage. Several different methods of coverage of the wound are available. Repair of deformities and contractures is usually performed in the reconstructive phase.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Burns account for more than 2 million visits to emergency centers and 100,000 admissions to hospitals yearly. Topical antibiotics represent the mainstay of therapy and assist in preventing systemic Infections and promoting more rapid healing. The article describes a variety of topical antibiotics and gives suggestions for their use in burn treatment.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evaluation and treatment of nonthermal bums in the emergency department are somewhat different than in the care of thermal burns. Every effort must be made to identify the cause of the injury, and the pathophysiology of the insult must be understood to treat the patient adequately. The article discusses the evaluation and treatment of three types of nonthermal burns: electrical, chemical, and radiation. One must always remember that the initial care of any burn patient is the same as for any other trauma patient. Airway, breathing, and circulation should never be neglected in the face of other resuscitation efforts.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The psychologist working with a burn patient in the early stages of hospital care assesses the patient's cognitive, affective, psychiatric, psychosocial, and pain status. Because pain involves affective, cognitive, and social reinforcement aspects, psychologic pain management techniques may be useful in helping the patient cope with pain. These techniques include hypnosis, relaxation/distraction, cognitive reappraisal, giving preparatory information before painful procedures, and behavior modification. Interventions with family members involve obtaining further psychosocial information about the patient, helping family members cope with their feelings and concerns, and promoting constructive interactions among family members and also with the patient.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Evaluation and treatment of pain includes not only the perception of an uncomfortable stimulus but also the response to that perception. The article addresses pain management of the burn patient, including aspects of the dynamic interaction among physical, biochemical, physiologic, and emotional factors that affect the management of pain.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The first few days after a burn are the most challenging for nurses and the most critical for the patient's recovery. This is easily compounded by psychiatric disorders and preexisting medical problems. There are general guidelines in providing adequate nursing care. The article describes the challenges faced by the nurse upon admission of a major burn patient.

ISSN:0164-2340    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1995

数据来源: OVID