ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy form an integral part in the diagnosis and management of the vast spectrum of metabolic and degenerative disorders in children. These varied disorders have been classified in many different ways, according to anatomic location, head size, enzyme disorder, or cellular morphology and function. The clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging appearances of the most common disorders are discussed.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pediatric stroke is a term that can be used to encompass everything from hypoxic-ischemic injury to the fetal central nervous system, and especially the premature neonate, to bland versus hemorrhagic infarction from arterial or venous causes in the infant and older child. Pediatric stroke is a chronically underrecognized and therefore underdiagnosed problem that may have significant economic implications. The risk factors for stroke in children are numerous and differ from those in adults. However, with adequate workup, the etiology can be identified in about 75% of cases. Cardiac disorders and hemoglobinopathy are the most common causes of ischemic infarction in children, whereas various congenital anomalies of the blood vessels or defects in coagulation or platelet function often are found in children with parenchymal hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a noninvasive method of investigating childhood stroke, aiding in both better diagnosis and management of this problem.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the pediatric population promises to provide novel insights into the nature of both normal and abnormal functional brain development as well as changes in brain function due to various interventions. Although acquisition of fMRI data from children is associated with a number of methodological challenges, primarily compliance and head motion, good quality data can be obtained. For example, conditioning and personal interactions can improve compliance, and motion reduction techniques can successfully reduce artifacts due to head motion. Analysis of pediatric fMRI data also involves challenges regarding spatial normalization and characterization of the hemodynamic response across development. Substantial progress has been made in understanding cognitive function and developmental disorders in children, but attention to the methodological issues raised in this review and continued investigations in this area are expected to result in further progress.

ISSN:0899-3459    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2002

数据来源: OVID