摘要:

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses Amazonian agricultural development with emphasis on the interrelations between regional conditions and the economic context represented by the national economy. The extreme abundance of land relative to complementary factors, together with the position of the region as a price taker in both factor and output markets, create the conditions for environmentally destructive expansion of cultivation at the extensive margin. It is argued that policies to promote a more ecologically sensitive pattern of development must take into account these links with the larger Brazilian economy and society as well as conditions within the region itself.

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1992.tb00437.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThis article examines the realignments of the developmentalist discourse and strategy of the Brazilian military for the Amazon during the civilian government of the ‘New Republic’ (1985–90). It focuses on a case study, i.e. the official expropriation of the lands of the Yanomami Indians in the states of Roraima and Amazonas along the Brazil/Venezueta border. The analysis brings to light how, during this period, the military aimed at neutralizing both the pressure of environmental NGOs on Brazil's international creditors and the emergent democratization of decisions on land use in Amazônia. It shows how such attempts involved manipulating environmental legislation and ecological rhetoric in order to perpetuate military hegemony over the development of Amazônia to the benefit of mining interests. Finally, the paper traces the roots of these manœuvres to a geopolitical and economical model for Amazonian integration still inspired by the national security doctrine drawn up in the 1950s and 1960s by the Escola Superior d

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1992.tb00438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTCalha Norte is the most recent military project for the development of Brazilian Amazõnia. It aims to incorporate the whole of the region to the north of the Amazõn River into the national economy and to defend the area from guerrillas, drug traffickers and other perceived threats from neighbouring countries. It also seeks to integrate Indian groups into Brazilian society by means of a new Indian policy. This paper looks at the context of military development in Brazilian Amazônia and the origins and proposals of the Calha Norte project. It focuses on the state of Roraima, the impact of illegal gold miners and the treatment of the Yanomami Indians. While recognizing the long military involvement in Amazônia, the paper argues that the return to democracy in Brazil requires the military not only to consider the security and development of the region, as perceived by them, but to adopt a sensitive and more flexible range of polic

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1992.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTThe paper analyses the impact of the Gulf crisis on the Indian economy as a whole, on the state of Kerala which was the origin of the majority of the Indian migrants in Kuwait and Iraq, and on the returning migrants them‐ selves. The scale of the disturbances is estimated both with respect to the labour market, as well as the flow of remittances. Alternative policy responses are discussed, especially in the context of the Kerala economy, and the problem is viewed separately from the vantage point of the returning migrants, as well as that of the State Government. The effects of the crisis become more acute as the focus shifts from the level of the macroeconomy, to the state of Kerala, to the migrants themselve

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1992.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ABSTRACTInformal financial markets in developing countries, and their role in the development process itself, form a relatively neglected area when it comes to research and policy planning. It seems, however, that this may be due to inaccurate perceptions of the value and effectiveness of this sector, and of its relationship to formal sector financial institutions. This paper uses data from an extensive research project on informal financial markets in Bangladesh to examine the size of the informal market, its relationship to the formal financial sector and the part it plays in the process of development. The paper concludes that, in all these aspects, the informal financial markets are more important, more efficient and more equitable than is generally supposed.

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1992.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Olav Stokke (ed.),Western Middle Powers and Global Poverty. The Determinants of the Aid Policies of Canada, Denmark, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.Gerald K. Helleiner (ed.),The Other Side of International Development Policy. The Non‐Aid Economic Relations with Developing Countries of Canada, Denmark, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.Cranford Pratt (ed.).Internationalism under Strain. The North‐South Policies of Canada, The Netherlands, Norway and Sweden.Cranford Pratt (ed.),Middle Power Internationalism. The North‐South Dimension.D.W. Attwood and B.S. Baviskar (eds),Who Shares? Co‐operatives and Rural Development.H. Jeffrey Leonard and contributors,Environment and the Poor: Development Strategies for a Common Agenda.Nikolai Shmelev and Vladimir Popov,The Turning Point. Revitalizing the Soviet Economy.George T. Crane,The Political Economy of China's Special Economic Zones.Alexander de Waal,Famine that Kills. Darfur, Sudan, 1984–1985.Philip Leroy Kilbride and Janet Capriotti Kilbride,Changing Family Life in East Africa: Women and Children at Risk.Philip Quarles van Ufford and Matthew Schoffeleers (eds),Religion and Development. Towards an Integrated Approach.William E. James, Seiji Naya and Gerald M. Meier,Asian Development, Economic Success and Policy Lessons.Bonnie K. Campbell (ed.),Political Dimensions of the International Debt Crisis.Lucio Kowarick,The Subjugation of Labour: The Constitution of Capitalism in Brazil.Charles David Smith,Did Colonialism Capture the Peasantry? A Case Study of the Kagera District.H. H. de Haan,Alternatives in Industrial Development: Sugarcane Processing in India.Indo‐Dutch Studies on Development Alternatives, 1.Charles K. Mann, Merilee S. Grindle and Parker Shipton (eds),Seeking Solutions: Framework and Cases for Small Enterprise Development Programs.David E. Sahn (ed.),Seasonal Variability in Third World Agriculture. The Consequences for Food Security.Tessa Marcus,Modernising Super‐Exploitation: Restructuring South African Agriculture.Peter N. Dean with Cedric Pugh,Government Budgeting in Developing Countries.Suzette Heald,Controlling Anger: The Sociology of

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1992.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0012-155X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7660.1992.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY